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Can someone help me to check my theoretical framework, if it is correct? If wrong, can you revise it and provide references. Research title :
Can someone help me to check my theoretical framework, if it is correct? If wrong, can you revise it and provide references.
Research title : Virtual Reality as a Marketing Tool of Wilcon Depot for Digital Shoppers
Theoretical Framework
This section discusses central features of the conceptual framework of Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory. Of particular importance are reciprocal interactions among personal, behavioral, and social/environmental factors; the distinction between enactive and vicarious learning; and the roles of vicarious, symbolic, and self-regulatory processes in psychological functioning.
Reciprocal Interactions
A central tenet of Bandura's (1977b, 1986, 1997, 2001) social cognitive theory is that human behavior operates within a framework of reciprocal interactions among three sets of influences: personal (e.g., cognitions, beliefs, skills, affect), behavioral, and social/environmental factors (Figure 1). These reciprocally interacting influences are illustrated using self-efficacy-a personal factor. With respect to the interaction of self-efficacy and behavior (person to behavior), much research shows that self-efficacy influences achievement behaviors such as task choice, effort, persistence, and use of effective learning strategies (Schunk & DiBenedetto, 2016;Usher, 2015). These behaviors also affect self-efficacy (behavior to person).
Figure 1: Reciprocal interactions in Social Cognitive Theory
Social cognitive theory emphasizes the importance of humanagencyin which individuals attempt to exert a large degree of control over their thoughts, feelings, and actions (Schunk, 2012). In reciprocal fashion, people affect and are influenced by their actions and environments. But given social cognitive theory's grounding in the social environment, the scope of this reciprocal influence includes groups as well as individuals.Collective agencyrefers to the people's shared perceived capabilities of attaining group outcomes (Schunk & Usher, 2012). Like individuals, groups also affect and are influenced by their actions and environments.
Social Comparisons
Given its emphasis on learning from the social environment and reciprocal interactions among personal, behavioral, and social/environmental variables, social cognitive theory underscores the importance ofsocial comparisons, or comparing ourselves with others on some criterion (Wheeler & Suls, 2005). Although people often compare their performances with objective standards, they also socially evaluate their capabilities, especially when objective standards are unclear or unavailable. Comparisons indicating that one is improving or more competent than others can raise self-efficacy and motivation; comparisons that result in negative self-evaluations can diminish these outcomes.
The most accurate self-evaluations arise from comparisons with others who people believe are similar to themselves in the particular ability or characteristic being evaluated (Schunk, 2012). The more alike observers are to models, the greater the probability that similar actions by observers will produce comparable results (Schunk, 1987).
Sources of Self-Efficacy Information
People acquire information to assess their self-efficacy from four primary sources: their mastery experiences (interpretations of actual performances), vicarious (modeled) experiences, forms of social persuasion, and physiological indexes (Bandura, 1997); Table 2). One's actual performances constitute the most reliable information because they typically are interpreted as tangible indicators of one's capabilities (Schunk & DiBenedetto, 2016; Schunk & Usher, 2012). Successful performances raise self-efficacy whereas failures may lower it, although an occasional failure or success after many successes or failures should not have much impact.
Figure 2: Informational Sources of Self-Efficacy
Social cognitive theory stresses the role of the social environment in motivation and learning. The conceptual focus of Bandura's (1986) social cognitive theory postulates reciprocal interactions among personal, behavioral, and social/environmental factors. Social cognitive researchers have investigated the operation of vicarious, symbolic, and self-regulatory processes in the various ways that individuals interact with their environments and one another.
A key point underlying social cognitive theory is that persons are motivated to develop a sense of agency for being able to largely control the important events in their lives. Among the influential variables affecting motivation are goals and self-evaluations of progress, outcome expectations, values, social comparisons, and self-efficacy.
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