Can you guys please answer this conceptual questions

Conceptual Questions 1. On the earth, you can see the ground in someone's shadow; on the moon, you can'tthe shadow is deep black. Explain the difference. Figure Q19.1 2. Suppose you have two pinhole cameras. The rst has a small round hole in the front. The second is identical except it has a square hole of the same area as the round hole in the rst camera. Would the pictures taken by these two cameras, under the same conditions, be different in any obvious way? Explain. 3. You are looking at the image of a pencil in a mirror, as shown in Figure Q19.3IE'. a. What happens to the image if the top half of the mirror, down to the midpoint, is covered with a piece of cardboard? Explain. b. What happens to the image if the bottom half of the mirror is covered with a piece of cardboard? Explain. Figure Q19.3 / Midpoint 4. A light beam passing from medium 2 to medium 1 is refracted as shown in Figure (119.4 IE. Is 111 larger than n2, is m smaller than n2, or is there not enough information to tell? Explain. Figure Q19.4 "2 5. Suppose you're standing at the end of a dock, and you see a sh in the water. As you know, the sh is actually at a greater depth than it appears. But now consider the sh's perspective. As the sh looks at you, does your head appear to be at a greater or lesser height above the surface of the dock than it actually is? 6. A sh in an aquarium with at sides looks out at a hungry cat. To the sh, does the distance to the cat appear to be less than the actual distance, the same as the actual distance, or more than the actual distance? Explain. 7. You are looking straight into the front of an aquarium. You see a fish off to your right. Is the sh actually in the direction you're looking, farther to the right, or farther to the left? Explain