Candidate J$.$T$.$ is confident and positive about his aspirations, but is very skeptical of the motives of others. He believes that an average person does not like to work and does not want to be accountable for its completion or its quality. He thinks that people will work only if they are forced or threatened. This implies that J$.$T$.$ believes in:

a$.$ Theory Y$.$

b$.$ external attribution.

c$.$ perceptual defense.

d$.$ Theory X$.$