Cardinal Company is considering a five-year project that would require a $2,750,000 investment in equipment with a useful life of five years and no salvage value. The companys discount rate is 18%. The project would provide net operating income in each of five years as follows:

Sales			$	2,849,000
Variable expenses				1,122,000
Contribution margin				1,727,000
Fixed expenses:
Advertising, salaries, and other fixed out-of-pocket costs	$	752,000
Depreciation		550,000
Total fixed expenses				1,302,000
Net operating income			$	425,000

13a. Assume a postaudit showed that all estimates (including total sales) were exactly correct except for the variable expense ratio, which actually turned out to be 45%. What was the projects actual net present value? (Negative amount should be indicated by a minus sign. Round discount factor(s) to 3 decimal places, intermediate calculations and final answer to the nearest whole dollar amount.)

13b. Assume a postaudit showed that all estimates (including total sales) were exactly correct except for the variable expense ratio, which actually turned out to be 45%. What was the projects actual payback period?

13c. Assume a postaudit showed that all estimates (including total sales) were exactly correct except for the variable expense ratio, which actually turned out to be 45%. What was the projects actual simple rate of return?