Caroline just landed her dream job upon graduating from college. Her new job is in sales and requires a car, so Caroline has decided to buy herself a new car that will cost $15448. She anticipates that she will drive the car for 4 years and then sell the car for $7767 at the end of the 4th year. Her annual operating costs of the car are expected to be $852 in the first year and will increase by $899 in each of the following years. What is the net present value of owning and operating the vehicle? Assume that Caroline's money is worth 2%.