Carson Machinery Inc. (CMI) is a publicly traded, Canadian-based manufacturer of automotive

parts. It operates production facilities in three provinces. Investors benchmark earnings

compared to market expectations and to other similar companies. Wherever feasible, CMI

prefers to adopt accounting policies that increase short-term profitability, to keep the equity

base strong.

As part of its compensation package, CMI awards bonuses to its executives on an annual

basis. The primary criterion considered by the board of directors when determining the size of

the bonuses to be awarded to the executives overseeing production is the firm's actual

earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) compared to the budgeted EBIT for the year.

Projected financial results for its Quebec facility, which produces engine components for auto

makers, is below. However, projections are subject to significant fluctuation, because demand

for certain components is driven by consumer demand for the various automotive models.

Demand is also driven by general economic conditions. CMI may anticipate demand for one

component, but then the market heads in the opposite direction, which increases down time to

retool the facility.

Projected financial results Quebec production facility

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

Hours of production 4,800 5,760 5,500

Revenue1 $7,200,000 $8,640,000 $8,250,000

COGS2 2,880,000 3,559,680 3,500,970

Administration3 2,160,000 2,224,800 2,291,544

Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation

and amortization (EBITDA) $2,160,000 $2,855,520 $2,457,486

Depreciation4 1,000,000 1,000,000 1,000,000

EBIT $1,160,000 $1,855,520 $1,457,486

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1 Based on expected hours of production; average revenue per hour is $1,500.

Year 1: 4,800 production hours

Year 2: 5,760 production hours

Year 3: 5,500 production hours

2 Based on expected hours of production; $600 per hour, adjusted for inflation.

Year 1: 4,800 hours $600

Year 2: 5,760 hours ($600 1.03)

Year 3: 5,500 hours ($600 1.03 1.03 )

3 Inflation factor of 3% per year. Will not be materially affected by changes in production.

4 Depreciation expense excluding the EX8500 robotics equipment

To reduce downtime (and hopefully smooth results), CMI is automating as much of its Quebec

facility as possible. Francois Leroy, the company's chief financial officer, has asked you, the

financial controller and a CPA, to make recommendations with respect to an appropriate

depreciation method for a brand-new class of robotics equipment recently purchased by CMI

for the Quebec facility.

Details of the equipment

The EX8500 costs $8 million.

The manufacturer advises that the machine can be run up to 8,500 hours per year. Your

engineering staff has indicated that this is probably on the high side and could only be

achieved in ideal circumstances.

Your counterparts in other manufacturing sectors that use similar machinery advise that the

maximum capacity of this machine, when allowing for shutdowns for maintenance and

emergency repairs, is closer to 7,500 hours per year. They also advise that, as the machine

ages, the capacity declines by about 5% per year, because the time lost for maintenance

and repair shutdowns increases as the machine ages.

The manufacturer advises that the estimated useful life of the EX8500 varies depending on

its usage, as shown in the following table:

Yearly production

(% of maximum)

Estimated maximum useful

life

75% to 100% 10 years 85,000 hours

50% to 75% 15 years 96,000 hours

25% to 50% 25 years 107,000 hours

Your research has determined that it is difficult to resell equipment like the EX8500 that is

more than five years old because of the ongoing advances of technology for this type of

equipment, as well as the high dismantling and shipping costs.

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Other information

CMI uses the cost model to subsequently measure the value of all its PPE.

CMI currently uses the straight-line method to depreciate all its depreciable non-production

PPE. The depreciation method used by CMI to depreciate PPE directly involved in

production is governed by the nature of the PPE. Straight-line, double-declining-balance,

and units-of-production methods are all used in various circumstances. When CMI uses the

double-declining-balance method of depreciation, the rate used is two times the percentage

used in the straight-line method.

CMI operates the Quebec facility for 16 hours a day, 300 days a year. CMI just signed a

15-year contract with the auto maker it supports, so the facility will be active for at least that

period of time, though volumes produced will continue to vary based on consumer

preferences. CMI expects the equipment to be in use, on average, 5,400 hours per year

over the 15-year period.

The senior vice-president of production has suggested that CMI should adopt the straightline

method to depreciate the EX8500 because he would like to produce the same volume

of auto parts each year.

Identify what each of the methods entails, and then evaluate the advantages

and disadvantages of each method.