Case #1: In 1835, Richard Lawrence attempted to assassinate President Andrew Jackson. This was the first assassination attempt on an American president. Lawrence believed that Jackson had killed his father and was also responsible for keeping him from inheriting a good deal of money from his father. The assassination was thwarted because neither of Lawrence's guns fired properly. During his trial, he interrupted repeatedly claiming to be the king of England and of Rome. The jury found Lawrence insane, and he was sent to an asylum for the remainder of his life.

• At the time of Lawrence's trial, which standard of proof of insanity was in place?
• Do you think Lawrence met that standard? Why?
• Where did the burden of proof lie during this time?