CASE #1 The taxpayer is an individual whose employer withholds combined federal and provincial taxes of $74,100 in 2020 , $83,100 in 2021 , and $74,900 in 2022 .

CASE #2 The taxpayer is an individual whose employer withholds combined federal and provincial taxes of $65,200 in 2020, $89,700 in 2021, and $72,000 in 2022 .

CASE #3 The taxpayer is a small CCPC with a taxation year that ends on December 31.

CASE #4 The taxpayer is a publicly traded corporation with a taxation year that ends on December 31. Assume that its combined federal and provincial taxes payable for the year ending December 31,2021 , were $74,300 instead of the $88,900 given in the problem.

For each of the preceding independent Cases, provide the following information:

1. Indicate whether instalments are required for2022 . Provide a brief explanation of your conclusion. This explanation should be provided even if the amount of the required instalments is nil.

2. If instalments are required, calculate the amount of instalments that would be required under each of the acceptable methods available.

3. If instalments are required, indicate which of the available methods would best serve to minimize instalment payments for 2022. If instalments must be paid, indicate the date on which they are due.

Year ending December 31 Taxes Payable

2020 $72,700

2021 $88,900

2022 (estimated) $78,400