Case 12 System Failure! Read the following news snippets: On 20 November, 1985, the Bank of New York lost over $ 5 million as a result of an error in the software of the digital system that registered all the banks financial transactions. In 1992, a software problem created total chaos in the communication system of ambulance services in London. The delay in communications caused the death of 30 people.On 7 August, 1996, the computer system of Internet-provider America Online (AOL) failed for 19 hours when new software had been installed. Over 16 million subscribers were affected. Before this took place, the AOL experts had strongly suggested that the system was immune to this kind of disaster. Questions: a. Is it justified to say that digital systems are unreliable and carries enormous risks? b. What countermeasures should be put in place to minimize damages due to failure of digital systems?