Case Background

A sole proprietor (the owner) has established a service business specializing in recruitment for businesses needing specialized Tool Industry staff. The trail balance at the end of the first three months of operations is provided below. Part of the service is to train people before they are placed with companies. The owner has asked, you, the accountant for HR, to prepare the answers to the questions below considering the notes provided.

Notes

1. The owner issued a cheque for $2,000 for insurance for the next three month after discovering there was no insurance in place. The cheque has not been recorded as a reduction of cash to-date. There is no insurance expense for the first three months.

2. The equipment must be depreciated for three months. The equipment has a service life of 5 years and monthly depreciation is estimated to be $833 a month

3. Recorded revenue of $5,000 is unearned and was an advance from a client. This revenue will be earned in the next three months.

4. Salaries of $15,000 were paid in the first three months. However, $1,000 of salaries should be accrued as employees earned these salaries but will not be paid until the 4th month.

5. The owner provided services of $2,500, which were not invoiced or billed to clients in the 3rd month but were earned in accordance with the Revenue Principle.

6. Interest expense (Debit) needs to be recorded at the end of three months. The amount is $750 and should be recorded as a liability in Interest Payable (Credit) on the balance sheet. None of the $50,000 note has been paid to lenders yet. This note will be paid back at the end of 5 years.

7. Supplies of $1,500 must be expensed to Cost of Goods Sold (i.e., moved out of inventory) and a new accrual of Accounts Payable should be established for $2,000 for supplies ordered at the end of the 3rd month, and not booked to-date.

Questions to Answered

1. Prepare an adjusted trial balance showing adjustments. Show the adjustments and add any new accounts required because of the adjustments.

2. Prepare a post closing trial balance indicating the balance of revenue, expenses and capital accounts. Show the amounts in permanent and temporary accounts after the post closing entries.

3. Which adjustments in the notes would be reversing entries?

4. Prepare a multiple step external income statement and classified balance sheet for the owner.

5. Calculate the current ratio, quick ratio and debt to equity (capital) ratio for the owner.

6. Calculate the mark-up on total costs for the owner.

7. Which inventory system (perpetual or periodic) would provide the most cost-benefit to the owner?

8. Stare two accounting principles that are the most relevant to the owner.

Trial Balance Credits Debits 24,500 10,000 3.500 50,000 Accounts Cash Accounts Receivable Inventories / Supplies Equipment Accounts Payable Notes Payable Capital Withdrawals Sales Salaries Advertising Accountants Fees Total 1,500 50,000 15,000 10,000 50,000 15,000 2,000 1,500 116,500 116,500