CASE

Background: Sparkling Clean Services (SCS) is a local business in the Tri-cities area. It provides cleaning services to residential households and commercial establishments. Both households and businesses sign contracts with SCS. As the contractor, SCS dispatches its crew to the locations. The crew performs the cleaning as per the contracts and reports back to the company main desk. The main desk then prepares the invoice and sends them to the clients. Clients have one day to pay the invoice. Sales volume can vary from one quarter to the next. In terms of expenses, the main expense for SCS relates to labour. They pay crew members competitive wages and benefits. The wage rate is calculated on an hourly basis and is fixed for the entire year. The next expense item is cleaning supplies. SCS accounts for cleaning supplies relative to the hours worked. For example, they estimate that cleaning supplies are consumed at a rate of 0.2 litres per labour hour. This is a good measure because the longer it takes for a site to be cleaned, the more the consumption of cleaning supplies. Cleaning supplies are procured from a prominent vendor and the cost is fixed for the entire year. Sometimes clients are not happy about the cleaning services and register a complaint. In that case, the crew is dispatched again for a second cleaning. The hours accruing from such scenarios are not billed to the clean as this constitutes a service recovery. However, the crew is paid for such hours. SCS maintains a record of these hours and classifies them as unproductive hours, or unbilled hours. This is calculated as a percentage of revenue earning hours (e.g., 10% of revenue generating hours). Assume that there is no consumption of cleaning materials when this second cleaning is being done.

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Budget for the year 2020: The budget for the year 2020 was prepared in December 2019 and had the following components:

Revenue: The revenue is calculated as number of hours that the crew works on a site, multiplied by the contracted rate with the client. The hours worked in the residential and commercial segments are shown separately, and there is a total for the combined hours worked. The revenue for each segment is arrived at by multiplying the hours for the segment by the rate. The budget is prepared for four quarters, one to four. For 2020, the budgeted sales hours were:

Quarter 1 2 3 4 Budgeted commercial sales in hours 3,500 3,700 4,000 3,800 Budgeted residential sales in hours 2,000 2,200 1,900 2,300

For 2020, the budgeted sales hours were:

Quarter 1 2 3 4 Selling price per hour (commercial) $44 $44 $44 $44 Selling price per hour (residential) $53 $53 $53 $53

Direct Labour expense: SCS will pay its employees an hourly rate of $ 22 for the entire year.

Cleaning supply usage: The budgeted usage is 0.25 litre / labour hour for the commercial segment and 0.15 litre/ labour hour for the residential segment. This is constant for the entire year. Cleaning supply expense: Budgeted expense is $ 5.20 per litre for the entire year.

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Fixed overhead: To support the cleaning operations, there are four items of expenditure. These are designated as overheads and their budgeted expenses are as follows: Receptionist: Budgeted expense is $ 5 000 per quarter and is the same for all four quarters.

Depreciation: This relates to the depreciation of vehicles used to transport employees to client locations. Budgeted expense is $ 9 000 per quarter and is the same for all four quarters. Gas: Budgeted expenditure on gas is $ 7,500 and is the same for all four quarters.

Maintenance: Budgeted expenditure on Maintenance is $ 1 000 per quarter and is the same for all four quarters.

Actual results for the year 2020. It is now January 7, 2021 and Sparkling Clean Services (SCS) is comparing the actual expenses against their budget. Here is what they found. Revenue: For 2020, the actual sales hours were:

Quarter 1 2 3 4 Actual sales - commercial 3,400 3,700 3,800 4,000 Actual sales - residential 2,150 2,250 2,000 2,200

For 2020, the actual hourly revenue was:

Quarter 1 2 3 4 Actual selling price - commercial $45 $45 $45 $45 Actual selling price - residential $50 $50 $50 $50

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Direct Labour expense: SCS paid its employees an hourly rate of $ 19 for the entire year.

Cleaning supply usage: The actual usage was 0.22 litre / labour hour for the commercial segment and 0.15 litre/ labour hour for the residential segment. This was constant for the entire year. Cleaning supply expense: Actual expense was $5.60 per liter for the entire year.

Fixed overhead: To support the cleaning operations, there are four items of expenditure. These are designated as overheads and their budgeted expenses are as follows: Receptionist: Actual expense was $ 6 200 per quarter and is the same for all four quarters.

Depreciation: This relates to the depreciation of vehicles used to transport employees to client locations. Actual expense was $ 9 200 per quarter and was the same for all four quarters. Gas: Actual expenditure on gas was $ 7 100 and was the same for all four quarters.

Maintenance: Actual expenditure on Maintenance was $ 1 100 per quarter and was the same for all four quarters.

Unproductive (unbilled) factor: Cleaning crews had to work 11% over the revenue generating hours to attend to complaints and do a second cleaning. These hours were not billable to clients, but Sparkling Clean Services (SCS) would pay the employees for this time they worked. For the purpose of this assignment, assume that there is no consumption of cleaning materials when this second cleaning was done.

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Required: Part A: For this part you will use the template provided in Excel Workbook format. Complete the following steps in sequence:

Step # Spreadsheet title Activity One Input Database Populate the section A4:G24 with data from the above case and develop the budget parameters. Two Input Database Populate the section K4:Q35 with data from the above case and develop the actual parameters. Three Static Budget Populate the section A7:F29 with data from the spreadsheet Input Database and develop the static budget. Four Actual Budget Populate the section A7:F29 with data from the spreadsheet Input Database and develop the actual budget. Five Flexible Budget Populate the section A7:F29 with data from the spreadsheet Input Database and develop the flexible budget. Six Var Analysis Static and Flex Populate the section A5:E26 with data from the spreadsheets Static Budget and Actual Budget and develop the static budget variance. Seven Var Analysis Static and Flex Populate the section G5:J26 with data from the spreadsheet Actual Budget and Flexible Budget and develop the flexible budget variance. Eight Material variances Using applicable data complete the analysis of Material variances for both the commercial and residential segments. Nine Labour variances Using applicable data complete the analysis of Material variances for both the commercial and residential segments.

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Other guidelines: Data should be entered in the Input Database spreadsheet only. For all other spreadsheets, you must use cell references, linking data from Input Database or other spreadsheets. Do not enter data or calculations without cell references. To calculate variances, you need to use IF formula.

Part B: One such practice involves use of budgetary slack. Reflecting on this learning experience, you will write a memo to the CEO of SCS. The CEO is concerned regarding ethical practices and needs your advice. In your role as a consultant, write a memo explaining what unethical practices can be incorporated during budget preparation. This should be in your own words and no external research or references are needed. Structure of the memo: Word limit: 300 words maximum Arial or Calibri font Memo format As MS Word document

Deliverables: Completed Excel workbook. Memo in MS Word format

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= D E F G H H 1 1 L M N o P P Q B Parameters - budget K Parameters - actual 1 2 3 Quarters Quarters 2 3 3 4 4 Year 1 Quarter over quarter change>>> Growth % Sales ( hours): Actual total sales Actual sales - commercial Actual sales - residential Selling rate ( $/hr): Actual selling price - commercial Actual sellling price - residential Direct labour expense ( $/hr): Actual Cleaning Supply usage ( litre / labour hour): Commercial Residential Actual Cleaning Supply expense ( $/litre)): 4 Sales ( hours): 5 Budgeted total sales in hours 6 Budgeted commercial sales in hours 7 Budgeted residential sales in hours 8 Selling ratel S/hr): 9 Selling price per hour (commercial) 10 Selling price per hour (residential) 11 22 12 Direct labour expense ( $/hr): 13 10 14 Cleaning Supply usage ( litre / labour hour): 15 Commercial 16 Residential 17 2 18 Cleaning Supply expense ( $/litre)): 19 13 20 Fixed overhead: 21 Receptionist 22 Depreciation 23 Gas 24 Maintenance 25 20 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 52 53 Actual Fixed overhead: Receptionist Depreciation Gas Maintenance Total no. of hours actually paid to employees Breakdown: Commercial Residential Actual hours worked Direct labour cost Unproductive ( unbilled) factor CA Static Budget Actual Budget Flexible Budget Var Analysis - Static and Flex Material variances Labour variances Input Database III D A B F G H I J K L 1 D E SCS Operating Budget for the period Jan - Dec '20 2 3 4 Quarters 3 5 1 2 4 Year Marks 6 2 2 7 Sales budget 8 Sales Commercial 9 Sales residential 10 Total sales 11 12 13 Direct material budget 14 Variable costs commercial 15 Variable costs residential 16 Total variable costs 17 18 19 Labour budget 20 Commercial 21 Residential 22 Total labour 23 24 Fixed Overhead: 25 Receptionist 26 Depreciation 27 Gas 28 Maintenance 29 Total 2 2 30 31 Total 8 32 33 49 50 Static Budget Actual Budget Flexible Budget Var Analysis - Static and Flex Material variances Labour variances Input Database IIII A B F G H I J K L 1 D E SCS Operating results for the period Jan - Dec '20 2 3 4 Quarters 3 5 1 2 4 Year Marks 6 2 2 7 Sales budget 8 Sales Commercial 9 Sales residential 10 Total sales 11 12 13 Direct material budget 14 Variable costs commercial 15 Variable costs residential 16 Total variable costs 17 18 19 Labour budget 20 Commercial 21 Residential 22 Total labour 23 24 Fixed Overhead: 25 Receptionist 26 Depreciation 27 Gas 28 Maintenance 29 Total 2 2 30 31 Total 8 32 33 49 50 KI Static Budget Actual Budget Flexible Budget Var Analysis - Static and Flex Material variances Labour variances Input Database A B F G H I J K L 1 D E SCS Flexible budget for the period Jan - Dec '20 2 3 4 Quarters 3 5 1 2 4 Year Marks 6 2 2 7 Sales budget 8 Sales Commercial 9 Sales residential 10 Total sales 11 12 13 Direct material budget 14 Variable costs commercial 15 Variable costs residential 16 Total variable costs 17 18 19 Labour budget 20 Commercial 21 Residential 22 Total labour 23 24 Fixed Overhead: 25 Receptionist 26 Depreciation 27 Gas 28 Maintenance 29 Total 2 2 30 31 Total 8 32 33 49 50 KI Static Budget Actual Budget Flexible Budget Var Analysis - Static and Flex Material variances Labour variances Input Database III XI - F21- Budget Assignment - Student (1) - Microsoft Excel (Product Activation Failed) File Home Insert Page Layout Formulas Data Review View O x X AutoSum Calibri 14 A A 2 Wrap Text General H Fill * Cut Ea Copy - " Paste Format Painter Clipboard BI U A *Merge & Center $ - % 4.0 .00 .00.0 Insert Delete Format Clear Conditional Format Cell Formatting as Table Styles Styles Sort & Find & Filter Select Editing Font Alignment Number Cells A1 - fx SCS A B D E F G H 1 K L M N o P 1 SCS Marks Static Budget Variance Actual for the year Static for the year Variance Flexible Budget Variance Actual for the year Flexible for the year Variance U/F U/F 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 Sales budget 5 Sales Commercial 6 Sales residential 7 Total sales 8 9 10 Direct material budget 11 Variable costs commercial 12 Variable costs residential 13 Total variable costs 14 15 16 Labour budget 17 Commercial 18 Residential 19 Total labour 20 21 Fixed Overhead: 22 Receptionist 23 Depreciation 24 Gas 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 25 Maintenance 26 Total 27 1 1 Total 14 28 20 Static Budget Actual Budget Flexible Budget Var Analysis - Static and Flex Material variances Labour variances Input Database . Ready BO! 90% o ic W 5C Clear A ) 7:51 PM XI - F21- Budget Assignment - Student (1) - Microsoft Excel (Product Activation Failed) File Home Insert Page Layout Formulas Data Review View O x X AutoSum Calibri - 11 AA 2 Wrap Text General H Fill * Cut Ea Copy - " Paste Format Painter Clipboard F39 BI U T - A Merge & Center $ % 4.0 .00 .00.0 Insert Delete Format Conditional Format Cell Formatting as Table Styles Styles Clear Sort & Find & Filter - Select Editing Font Alignment Number Cells for A B D E T J K L M P Q F G H H Direct Materials - Commercial N O Marks 1 2 3 Actual Quantity -AQ 4 Actual Rate -AR 5 Total 6 Actual Quantity -AQ Standard Rate -SR Total Standard Quantity - SQ Standard Rate - SR Total 3 Price Variance Quantity Variance 2 7 8 Total Variance 1 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Direct Materials - Residential 16 17 Actual Quantity -AQ 18 Actual Rate -AR 19 Total Actual Quantity -AQ Standard Rate -SR Total Standard Quantity - SQ Standard Rate - SR Total - 3 20 21 Price Variance Quantity Variance 2 22 23 Total Variance 1 24 25 26 KI Static Budget Actual Budget Flexible Budget Var Analysis - Static and Flex Material variances Labour variances Input Database IIII Ready BOL 100% On 7:53 PM OCN W 5C Clear XI - F21- Budget Assignment - Student (1) - Microsoft Excel (Product Activation Failed) File Home Insert Page Layout Formulas Data Review View O x X AutoSum Calibri - 11 AA 2 Wrap Text General H Fill- * Cut Ea Copy - " Paste Format Painter Clipboard BI U T >-A- Merge & Center $ % 4.0 .00 .00 0 Insert Delete Format Clear Conditional Format Cell Formatting as Table Styles Styles Sort & Find & Filter - Select - Editing Font Alignment Number Cells F40 for A B B D E H 1 J L M N 0 P F F G Labour - Commercial Marks 1 2 3 Actual Hours - AH 4 Actual Rate -AR 5 Total 6 Actual Hours - AH Standard Rate -SR Total Standard Hours - SH Standard Rate - SR Total 3 Rate Variance Efficiency Variance 7 8 2 1 Total Variance 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Labour - Residential 16 17 Actual Hours - AH 18 Actual Rate -AR 19 Total Actual Hours - AH Standard Rate -SR Total Standard Hours - SH Standard Rate - SR Total 3 20 21 Rate Variance Efficiency Variance 2 22 Total Variance 23 1 24 25 26 KI Static Budget Actual Budget Flexible Budget Var Analysis - Static and Flex Material variances Labour variances Input Database Ready BO 100% % O ic W 5C Clear A 0 0 ) 7:54 PM