Case Studies

Grocery Inc. Grocery Inc. (Grocery or the "Company"), an SEC registrant, is a wholesale grocery distributor and retailer in the United States. One of the Company's core businesses is distributing grocery products to restaurants. Fresh Express Inc. (FEI) operates a chain of restaurants throughout the world and contracts with manufacturers to obtain grocery and related products for the chain. Manufacturers either deliver the products to FEI's restaurants directly or, more commonly, contract with distributors such as Grocery to deliver the products. The following steps summarize the flow of transactions when a manufacturer contracts with distributors (e.g., Grocery) to deliver products to restaurants designated by FEl: 1. The manufacturer provides FEI with the details of each product to be sold to the restaurants and FEl approves the products on the basis of the specifications outlined by the manufacturer. Once the products are approved, FEI enters into a master contract with the manufacturer to supply the products (the "Master Contract'). 2. The manufacturer selects a distributor (e.g., Grocery) to be named as the official representative to FEI. The manufacturer and Grocery enter into a distribution contract (the "Distribution Contract"), which typically specifies (a) the restaurants that the Company may supply to on behalf of the manufacturer. (b) the manufacturer's products that have been approved by FEI to be supplied, (c) service and delivery requirements, and (d) payment terms. 3. Grocery issues a purchase order to the manufacturer for products. The products are then delivered to the Company and held in the Company's distribution warehouses. Title of the products transfers from the manufacturer to the Company in accordance with the shipping terms specified in the Distribution Contract. The The company is required to keep inventory on hand, regardless of whether fEi has 4. The Company pays the manufacturer for the inventory on the basis of the published distributor list price at the time of purchase ("Distributor Product Cost"). 5. As restaurants need to be restocked, FEI identifies the manufacturer that sells the necessary products determine which distributor is the manufacturer's official a representative for a particular restaurant, and then issues a purchase order with that distributor (e.g., Grocery) under the terms of FEl's Master Contract with the manufacturer. 6. The Company, acting as the distributor, locates the products ordered by FEl in its existing inventory and ships the products to the restaurants designated by FEI. Generally, the title of the products transfers directly from the Company to FEI (i.e., title of the products does not revert back to the manufacturer). 7. The Company invoices FEI on the basis of the price agreed to and included in the Master Contract between the manufacturer and FEI ("FEI Product Cost"). Additional information related to Grocery's operations: - The Distribution Contract explicitly states that Grocery may not sell the products it purchases under such contract to customers other than FEI without obtaining permission from the manufacturer. The Company has a past business practice to request such permission before selling products to others. However, if a perishable product is nearing its expiration date, the Company's customary business practice is to sell the product to another customer without obtaining the manufacturer's permission, even if the contract requires such permission. - Typically, the Company may only return products to the manufacturer for quality-related issues. In most cases, the Company is liable for any obsolete products and may not return such products to the manufacturen - The manufacturer is responsible for the acceptability of products from a customer specification perspective (i.e., the manufacturer must meet the product specifications approved by FEi). - Grocery is responsible for the acceptability of products froma quality perspective and therefore is responsible for any damaged or obsolete products dellyered to the restaurants. Grocery has title to the inventory that if purchases from the manufacturer and issues. In most cases, the Company is liable for any obsolete products and may not return such products to the manufacturer. - The manufacturer is responsible for the acceptability of products from a customer specification perspective (i.e., the manufacturer must meet the product specifications approved by FEI). - Grocery is responsible for the acceptability of products from a quality perspective and therefore is responsible for any damaged or obsolete products delivered to the restaurants. Grocery has title to the inventory that it purchases from the manufacturer and currently pledges such inventory as collateral for borrowings under the Company's credit agreement. On average, approximately 15 percent to 20 percent of the Company's borrowings under its current credit agreement are secured by pledging inventory that will be sold to FEI. - The Company does not have discretion in establishing the price paid by FEI under the Master Contract (i.e., the FEI Product Cost). The FEI Product Cost is established through negotiations between FEI and the manufacturers. - Grocery negotiates with the manufacturers for purposes of establishing the Distributor Product Cost, which is established in the Distribution Contracts with manufacturers. Therefore, the Company bears the risks and rewards of changes in the Distributor Product Cost between when it purchases the products from the manufacturer and when the products are sold to FEI. Required: Pursuant to ASC 606 , Reyenue From Contracts With Customers, determine whether Grocery is a principal or an agent in the arrangement to supply products to the restaurants designated by FEI, and therefore whether the Company should recognize revenue on a gross or net basis. Grocery Inc. Grocery Inc. (Grocery or the "Company"), an SEC registrant, is a wholesale grocery distributor and retailer in the United States. One of the Company's core businesses is distributing grocery products to restaurants. Fresh Express Inc. (FEI) operates a chain of restaurants throughout the world and contracts with manufacturers to obtain grocery and related products for the chain. Manufacturers either deliver the products to FEI's restaurants directly or, more commonly, contract with distributors such as Grocery to deliver the products. The following steps summarize the flow of transactions when a manufacturer contracts with distributors (e.g., Grocery) to deliver products to restaurants designated by FEl: 1. The manufacturer provides FEI with the details of each product to be sold to the restaurants and FEl approves the products on the basis of the specifications outlined by the manufacturer. Once the products are approved, FEI enters into a master contract with the manufacturer to supply the products (the "Master Contract'). 2. The manufacturer selects a distributor (e.g., Grocery) to be named as the official representative to FEI. The manufacturer and Grocery enter into a distribution contract (the "Distribution Contract"), which typically specifies (a) the restaurants that the Company may supply to on behalf of the manufacturer. (b) the manufacturer's products that have been approved by FEI to be supplied, (c) service and delivery requirements, and (d) payment terms. 3. Grocery issues a purchase order to the manufacturer for products. The products are then delivered to the Company and held in the Company's distribution warehouses. Title of the products transfers from the manufacturer to the Company in accordance with the shipping terms specified in the Distribution Contract. The The company is required to keep inventory on hand, regardless of whether fEi has 4. The Company pays the manufacturer for the inventory on the basis of the published distributor list price at the time of purchase ("Distributor Product Cost"). 5. As restaurants need to be restocked, FEI identifies the manufacturer that sells the necessary products determine which distributor is the manufacturer's official a representative for a particular restaurant, and then issues a purchase order with that distributor (e.g., Grocery) under the terms of FEl's Master Contract with the manufacturer. 6. The Company, acting as the distributor, locates the products ordered by FEl in its existing inventory and ships the products to the restaurants designated by FEI. Generally, the title of the products transfers directly from the Company to FEI (i.e., title of the products does not revert back to the manufacturer). 7. The Company invoices FEI on the basis of the price agreed to and included in the Master Contract between the manufacturer and FEI ("FEI Product Cost"). Additional information related to Grocery's operations: - The Distribution Contract explicitly states that Grocery may not sell the products it purchases under such contract to customers other than FEI without obtaining permission from the manufacturer. The Company has a past business practice to request such permission before selling products to others. However, if a perishable product is nearing its expiration date, the Company's customary business practice is to sell the product to another customer without obtaining the manufacturer's permission, even if the contract requires such permission. - Typically, the Company may only return products to the manufacturer for quality-related issues. In most cases, the Company is liable for any obsolete products and may not return such products to the manufacturen - The manufacturer is responsible for the acceptability of products from a customer specification perspective (i.e., the manufacturer must meet the product specifications approved by FEi). - Grocery is responsible for the acceptability of products froma quality perspective and therefore is responsible for any damaged or obsolete products dellyered to the restaurants. Grocery has title to the inventory that if purchases from the manufacturer and issues. In most cases, the Company is liable for any obsolete products and may not return such products to the manufacturer. - The manufacturer is responsible for the acceptability of products from a customer specification perspective (i.e., the manufacturer must meet the product specifications approved by FEI). - Grocery is responsible for the acceptability of products from a quality perspective and therefore is responsible for any damaged or obsolete products delivered to the restaurants. Grocery has title to the inventory that it purchases from the manufacturer and currently pledges such inventory as collateral for borrowings under the Company's credit agreement. On average, approximately 15 percent to 20 percent of the Company's borrowings under its current credit agreement are secured by pledging inventory that will be sold to FEI. - The Company does not have discretion in establishing the price paid by FEI under the Master Contract (i.e., the FEI Product Cost). The FEI Product Cost is established through negotiations between FEI and the manufacturers. - Grocery negotiates with the manufacturers for purposes of establishing the Distributor Product Cost, which is established in the Distribution Contracts with manufacturers. Therefore, the Company bears the risks and rewards of changes in the Distributor Product Cost between when it purchases the products from the manufacturer and when the products are sold to FEI. Required: Pursuant to ASC 606 , Reyenue From Contracts With Customers, determine whether Grocery is a principal or an agent in the arrangement to supply products to the restaurants designated by FEI, and therefore whether the Company should recognize revenue on a gross or net basis