Case Study 2: Data Representation Problem (04 Marks) ABC Education Services, a private firm designed and implemented a new education software to the government schools for improving the learning among the children. After 6 months, this organization hired you to conduct survey and analyze the effectiveness of this new initiative. If data shows that the new education software is successful, the organization will get more funding from the government to expand it to other schools which means a lot of profit for this company. As part of your data analyst job, you conducted interviews and several surveys to prepare your report. Once you finish analyzing the data, it showed that this software is not bringing any significant improvement in student learning. You told this news to your manager; however, he insisted that you reanalyze and interpret data differently to show that the software is effective. Questions: 1. What type of ethical dilemma is faced by data analyst in this case? Analyze the situation. (02 Marks) Answer: 2. What will you do in this situation to solve the ethical problem? (02 Marks) Answer: Case Study 3: Fake Facebook News (02 Marks) The increase of social media has given rise to the fake news. A fake news is a news created by someone and promoted to spread misinformation based on their own agenda. The increase in fake news has several sources. Social media platforms like Facebook gave these stories the same visibility as news publications, such as those from the BBC and CNN. Moreover, these posts often had higher engagement rates (comments and reactions) resulting in them receiving even higher visibility and prevalence in users' news feeds. Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg initially downplayed the problem, calling it a "pretty crazy idea". However, Zuckerberg has since begun to address the fake news issue, but warns, "We must proceed very carefully... and must be extremely cautious about becoming arbiters of truth ourselves." The Society of Professional Journalists has a code of ethics with four principles: seek truth and report it; minimize harm; act independently; and be accountable and transparent. But the transition to online platforms has fundamentally changed journalism. Google and Facebook control 80 percent of ad revenues; the same revenue source that news publishers depend on. Moreover, more than 40 percent of people now get their news from social media networks - making Facebook an important middleman in people's intake of news. Facebook is taking the problem seriously, although with a great deal of caution. They have introduced efforts to help users spot fake news and inject indicators of trust (disputed tags) into their posts. They have also banned fake news sites from advertising on the network. Questions: 1. Analyze the situation and recommend how Facebook can better resolve fake news issue? (02 Marks) Answer: Case Study 2: Data Representation Problem (04 Marks) ABC Education Services, a private firm designed and implemented a new education software to the government schools for improving the learning among the children. After 6 months, this organization hired you to conduct survey and analyze the effectiveness of this new initiative. If data shows that the new education software is successful, the organization will get more funding from the government to expand it to other schools which means a lot of profit for this company. As part of your data analyst job, you conducted interviews and several surveys to prepare your report. Once you finish analyzing the data, it showed that this software is not bringing any significant improvement in student learning. You told this news to your manager; however, he insisted that you reanalyze and interpret data differently to show that the software is effective. Questions: 1. What type of ethical dilemma is faced by data analyst in this case? Analyze the situation. (02 Marks) Answer: 2. What will you do in this situation to solve the ethical problem? (02 Marks) Answer: Case Study 3: Fake Facebook News (02 Marks) The increase of social media has given rise to the fake news. A fake news is a news created by someone and promoted to spread misinformation based on their own agenda. The increase in fake news has several sources. Social media platforms like Facebook gave these stories the same visibility as news publications, such as those from the BBC and CNN. Moreover, these posts often had higher engagement rates (comments and reactions) resulting in them receiving even higher visibility and prevalence in users' news feeds. Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg initially downplayed the problem, calling it a "pretty crazy idea". However, Zuckerberg has since begun to address the fake news issue, but warns, "We must proceed very carefully... and must be extremely cautious about becoming arbiters of truth ourselves." The Society of Professional Journalists has a code of ethics with four principles: seek truth and report it; minimize harm; act independently; and be accountable and transparent. But the transition to online platforms has fundamentally changed journalism. Google and Facebook control 80 percent of ad revenues; the same revenue source that news publishers depend on. Moreover, more than 40 percent of people now get their news from social media networks - making Facebook an important middleman in people's intake of news. Facebook is taking the problem seriously, although with a great deal of caution. They have introduced efforts to help users spot fake news and inject indicators of trust (disputed tags) into their posts. They have also banned fake news sites from advertising on the network. Questions: 1. Analyze the situation and recommend how Facebook can better resolve fake news issue? (02 Marks)