Case Study and Care Plan A Pacific Islander family of three consisting of 34-year-old Anamalia, her 13-year-old son Eloni, and her 4-year-old son Kolomalu has been referred to a service center by the state's Department of Child and Family Services for the following reasons.

Eloni has just been placed in foster care for physically abusing his younger brother, Kolomalu. Child Protective Services (CPS) was brought in, Eloni was removed from the home, and the family was referred to counseling. In addition to acting out aggressively, there is good evidence that Eloni is a substance abuser as a teacher at his school found him sniffing paint several times. Also, through counseling, it was discovered that Eloni had been abused by a previous stepfather. Finally, Eloni has been suspended from school for attempting to stab a schoolmate.

Anamalia's apartment management company has sent her a letter of intent to evict, stating that several residents have complained about feeling fearful around Eloni and about the noise during family arguments. Although Anamalia has hopes of getting a job soon, she is currently unemployed and is having difficulty making the rent payments and buying sufficient food for her family. Anamalia wants the family to be reunited and is willing to take parenting classes and enter into other services required by the state; however, she is worried about putting Kolomalu in more danger.

Although the family is currently in crisis, they have several areas of strength to draw upon:

1. The family has strong ties to the local Pacific Islander community
2. Eloni is extremely bright and well-liked by some of his peers
3. Anamalia has recently finished her MA degree and is applying for jobs at a local hospital
4. Kolomalu is a playful, gregarious boy who has a very close connection to his mother

In the care plan from the state's Department of Child and Family Services, the following interventions and referrals are recommended:

1. Mental health counseling to address Eloni's aggressive behavior
2. Substance abuse counseling for Eloni
3. Parenting classes for Anamalia
4. Mental health counseling for Kolomalu
5. Legal assistance to avoid eviction
6. Emergency assistance to buy groceries

Research and recommend referrals for the practitioner using scholarly sources that address ongoing exposure to trauma-laden material and situations. What referrals and resources are needed? How will these referrals address short-term and long-term needs? What are the risks if this exposure is not addressed?