Case Study:

Papaya Partners is a distributor of papayas. They purchase papayas from individual growers and package them in 10-pound cartons for delivery to their various customers, generally supermarkets. Last month, they budgeted to sell $500,000 worth of cartons at a price of $25 each. Actual sales met a budget of $500,000 at $25 per carton.

Management has received cost information based on actual performance and needs to understand the drivers of the overall variance from the budget. They have asked you, as an analyst in their management accounting department, to calculate and explain the variances. The following data has been provided:

Budget
Cost of fruit @ 10 pounds per carton	$ 200,000
Cost of packaging @ 1 pound per carton	$ 10,000
Labor costs @ .5 hours per carton	$ 90,000
Total Cost	$ 300,000
Actual
Cost of fruit @ 10 pounds per carton	$ 244,200
Cost of packaging @ .55 pound per carton	$ 11,000
Labor costs @ .75 hours per carton	$ 150,000
Gross Profit	$ 405,200
Unfavorable variance	$105,200.00

Please calculate and explain:

• Standard cost per unit (carton)
• Actual cost per unit
• Direct materials price variances
• Direct materials usage variances
• Direct labor rate variance
• Direct labor efficiency variance