Case Study Questions:

1. 1. Perform these tasks for Whaler to determine these confidence intervals on the aggregate level of U.S. dollar cash flows to be received. Whaler uses the methodology described here, rather than simply combining the results for individual countries (from the previous chapter) because exchange rate movements may be correlated.
   2. Review the annual percentage changes in the four exchange rates. Do they appear to be positively correlated? Estimate the correlation coefficient between exchange rate movements with either a calculator or a spreadsheet package. Based on this analysis, you can fill out the following correlation coefficient matrix.

      	A$	C$	NZ$
      A$	1.00
      C$		1.00
      NZ$			1.00
      				1.00

   3. Would the aggregate dollar cash flows to be received by Whaler in this case be riskier than if the exchange rate movements were completely independent? Explain.
   4. One Whaler executive has suggested that a more efficient way of deriving the confidence intervals would be to use the exchange rates instead of the percentage changes as the scenarios, and to derive U.S. dollar cash flow estimates directly from them. Do you think this method would be as accurate as the method now used by Whaler? Explain.
2. Please explain - each step - Approximate Standard Deviation - If you have a Excel spreadsheet with formula - Please share