Changes in exchange rates can directly raise or lower costs and earnings from international transactions, creating potential exchange$-$rate risk in microfinance transactions. Why is exchange$-$rate risk potentially exacerbated in the context of microfinance lending?

Many microfinance borrowers live in markets with volatile currencies and that tend to be impacted significantly by regional or global economic shocks.

Many microfinance lenders live in markets with volatile currencies.

Many microfinance lenders live in markets that tend to be impacted significantly by regional or global economic shocks.

All of the above.

None of the above.