chapter 169

bonus and challenging questions

AT & T filed motions for judgment notwithstanding the verdict or, in the alternative, for a new trial on June 23, 1980. These motions were denied without opinion on July 29, 1980. On August 25, 1980, AT & T filed its notice of appeal. On September 8, 1980, MCI filed a notice of cross-appeal.^[7]In this opinion, we reject challenges to certain jury findings upon which AT & T's liability was based, sustain other challenges, and remand for a new trial on the issue of damages.This same nationwide network was used as well by AT & T to provide other intercity telephone services, including point-to-point private lines, foreign exchange lines ("FX") and common control switching arrangements

1094

*1094("CCSA"). Point-to-point private lines (also called tie lines) are connections between two locations that do not require the use of local switching machines because the lines are available to the customer on a continuing and exclusive basis. FX and CCSA, although classified for tariff purposes as private line services, do require interconnection with local switching machines.^[10]

Question 1

What is the Bernheim effect and the reverse Bernheim effect?

Question 2

Kindly explain why the left side of the heart is more prone to disease.

Question 3

1. Is it always necessary to examine the cardiovascular system of a

patient in the 45 incline of the head end? Other than convenience for

examining the jugular venous pressure (JVP), does this position have

any other advantage?

2. If the JVP is not visible when the patient is in the upright position, can

one presume it is not raised?

Question 4

The mitral area (of auscultation) normally corresponds with the apex

beat. When the heart is dilated and the apex beat is shifted laterally, will

the mitral area follow the apex beat to its new location or remain at the

place where the apex beat is normally situated?

Question 5

Please explain in detail how to measure the pulsus paradoxus using

a sphygmomanometer.

Question 6

What is the difference between dicrotic pulse and pulsus bisferiens?

Question 7

1. Why does the radial pulse become more prominent when the hand is

lifted overhead?

2. Please explain the mechanism of a collapsing pulse. Which is the best

artery to elicit it: radial, brachial or carotid?

Question 8

What is the mechanism of Durozier's sign?

Question 9

What effects do aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation and coarctation of the

aorta have on systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and why do they

produce these effects?

Question 10

In the section headed 'Pulsus bisferiens' (K&C 7e, p. 691) what do

'percussion wave' and 'tidal wave' mean? An illustration here would be

helpful