Chapter 3 Assessment Questions

1. __________________ An alternative to the insanity defense; permits finding that defendants were mentally ill but not insane at the time they committed the crimes charged. They are guilty, and they may be punished, but generally the jurisdictions that have this concept require that these defendants must receive psychiatric treatment while they are confined.
2. __________________ A state of mind that negates a defendant's responsibility for his or her actions.
3. __________________ Provides that persons cannot be held accountable for a criminal act if they have a mental disease or defect that results in their inability either to appreciate the fact that the act is wrong or to conform their conduct to the law.
4. __________________ One who commits a trespass.
5. __________________ A defense stating that a defendant would not have committed a criminal act if he or she had possessed accurate knowledge of the law or the facts.
6. __________________ In criminal law, a condition in which an individual is coerced or induced by the wrongful act of another to commit a criminal act. May be used as a defense.
7. __________________ Condition in which an act, though criminal in other circumstances, may not be considered criminal because of the compelling force of the circumstances.
8. __________________ Evidence showing that, on the whole, it supports the fact in question. This burden of proof in a civil case is less than the criminal standard of beyond a reasonable doubt.
9. __________________ An assumption of a fact based on other facts.
10. __________________ A presumption that may be refuted by evidence.
11. __________________ A test for insanity stating that an accused cannot be found guilty for a criminal act if he or she is unable to control the actions leading to a crime even though the accused may have known the act was wrong.
12. __________________ Stress that occurs after forced sex. Now considered a posttraumatic stress disorder. Evidence of the syndrome is permitted in an increasing number of courts.
13. __________________ A term applied to people who kill someone else, often at that person's request, because of a terminal illness, considerable pain, or a debilitating handicap.
14. __________________ The condition that exists when a person consumes alcohol or other drugs to the extent that his or her mental or physical abilities are significantly affected.
15. __________________ Intoxication without choice or will, for example, when someone slips drugs into the food or drink of an unsuspecting person.
16. __________________ A disorder that some women experience after giving birth.
17. __________________ A syndrome arising from a cycle of abuse by a special person (often a parent or a spouse) that leads the battered person to perceive that violence against the offender is the only way to end the abuse. In some cases the battered person murders the batterer, and in some jurisdictions evidence of the battered person syndrome constitutes a defense to that murder.
18. __________________ The forgiving of a criminal act by a victim. Usually this is not a defense, but in some cases a victim of a nonserious crime may negotiate a settlement with the defendant after which the court may drop the criminal charge.
19. __________________ A disorder in which stress is experienced by people who have suffered severe trauma such as war trauma, rape, or abuse. Symptoms include nightmares, feelings of guilt, disorientation, and reliving the traumatic event(s). It is argued that victims of this disorder should not be held accountable for their criminal acts because they cannot control their behavior.
20. __________________ Intoxication brought on by the free will of the individual.