Charles Edward Company established a subsidiary in a foreign country on January 1, 2020, by investing FC 3,200,000 when the exchange rate was $0.50/FC. Charles Edward negotiated a bank loan of FC 3,000,000 on January 5, 2020, and purchased plant and equipment in the amount of FC 6,000,000 on January 8, 2020. It depreciated plant and equipment on a straight-line basis over a 10-year useful life. It purchased its beginning inventory of FC 1,000,000 on January 10, 2020, and acquired additional inventory of FC 4,000,000 at three points in time during the year at an average exchange rate of $0.43/FC. It uses the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method to determine the cost of goods sold. Additional exchange rates per FC 1 during the year 2020 follow:

January 131, 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $0.50

Average 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.45

December 31, 2020 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.38

The foreign subsidiarys income statement for 2020 and balance sheet at December 31, 2020, follow:

INCOME STATEMENT

For the Year Ended December 31, 2020

FC (in thousands)

Sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FC 5,000

Cost of goods sold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,000

Gross profit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,000

Selling expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400

Depreciation expense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600

Income before tax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000

Income taxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300

Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700

Retained earnings, 1/1/20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0

Retained earnings, 12/31/20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FC 700

BALANCE SHEET

At December 31, 2020

FC (in thousands)

Cash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FC1,000

Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,000

Property, plant & equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,000

Less: Accumulated depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (600)

Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FC8,400

Current liabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FC1,500

Long-term debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,000

Contributed capital . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,200

Retained earnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 700

Total liabilities and stockholders equity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FC8,400

As the controller for Charles Edward Company, you have evaluated the characteristics of the foreign subsidiary to determine that the FC is the subsidiarys functional currency.

Required

a. Use Excel to translate the foreign subsidiarys FC financial statements into U.S. dollars on December 31, 2020, in accordance with U.S. GAAP. Insert a row in the spreadsheet after retained earnings and before total liabilities and stockholders equity for the cumulative translation adjustment. Calculate the translation adjustment separately to verify the amount obtained as a balancing figure in the translation worksheet.

b. Use Excel to remeasure the foreign subsidiarys FC financial statements in U.S. dollars at December 31, 2020, assuming that the U.S. dollar is the subsidiarys functional currency. Insert a row in the spreadsheet after depreciation expense and before income before taxes for the remeasurement gain (loss).

c. Prepare a report for James Benjamin, CEO of Charles Edward, summarizing the differences that will be reported in the companys 2020 consolidated financial statements because the FC, rather than the U.S. dollar, is the foreign subsidiarys functional currency. In your report, discuss the relationship between the current ratio, the debt-to-equity ratio, and the profit margin calculated from the FC financial statements and from the translated U.S. dollar financial statements. Also, discuss the meaning of the translated U.S. dollar amounts for inventory and for fixed assets.