Chiarella worked as a financial printer for Pandick Press. He had possession of about five announcements of corporate takeover bids that he was printing. Pandick concealed the actual names of the companies, but Chiarella was able to figure them out. He bought stock in the target companies and made a profit. He was not an insider of these corporations on whose shares he was trading, therefore, he _________________.

A. had a duty to abstain from trading because he worked for Pandick B. had no duty to either disclose or abstain from trading C. should have told his boss that he was going to trade on the stocks D. still must pay treble damages to the SEC