China has been the major rice-producing country in the world during the period of 2000-2004 with a rice production rate of 178 million tonnes/year, followed by India with a rice production rate of 127 million tonnes/year (Chapagain, 2011). The total land areas required for rice farming in China and India are 29 million ha and 43 million ha, respectively. a) Complete the following table using the information provided in Table A4. (8 marks). Country Water footprint (m/tonne) Green Blue Gray Total water footprint (m/tonne) China India b) The average fertilizer application rate in India is 125 kg/ha (as nitrogen) during the period 2000-2004. Assume an increase of 1 kg/ha in the fertilizer application rate in 2005 while the green and blue water footprints remain constant. It can be assumed that 2.72% of that fertilizer will leach into the environmental water bodies. The environmental water quality guideline value for nitrogen is 10 mg/L (adapted from the US-EPA). Assuming the same production rate and area of rice farming in 2005, calculate the percentage increase in India's grey water footprint in 2005 compared to the average values for the years between 2000-2004. (6 marks) Table A4: Depth of water used in rice production (mm/year) for the 13 major rice-producing countries. Period 2000-2004 (Chapagain 2011). Evaporation (green) Evaporation Pollution Percolation of rain Percolation of (blue) (grey) water irrigation water China 228 302 73 209 277 India Indonesia 260 Bangladesh 192 314 241 34 231 175 217 53 226 155 202 30 192 202 58 290 125 : 125 149 230 133 18 205 120 Vietnam 139 Thailand 252 Myanmar 297 219 Japan Philippines 277 Breal USA 380 208 ; ; : ; 230 258 39 234 204 139 26 254 127 20 192 104 383