Cisco's journey from a startup to a global tech leader involved innovation and adaptation.

Founded by Len Bosack and Sandy Lerner at Stanford to connect university networks, Cisco faced financial challenges but grew rapidly.

Early success led to a decentralized structure with three product divisions, but economic downturn exposed inefficiencies.

To improve collaboration, Cisco transitioned to a functional structure with centralized groups $($Cisco $2).$

This led to cultural change and resistance, but Cisco saw success with reduced costs and improved efficiency.

The structure continued to evolve $($Cisco $3)$ with fewer business councils and a focus on geographic zones and customer segments.

To enhance collaboration further, Cisco implemented social media tools like Ciscopedia for knowledge sharing.

The passage suggests Cisco's structural evolution will likely continue to adapt to the changing technological landscape.