class Election: """Data for a single election in a parliamentary democracy. === Private Attributes === _d: the date of this election. _ridings: all ridings for which any votes have been recorded in this election. _parties: all parties for which any votes have been recorded in this election. _results: the vote counts for this election. Each key is the name of a riding, and its value is a dictionary of results for that one riding. Each of its keys, in turn, is the name of a party, and the associated value is the number of votes earned by that party in that riding. A party only appears in the dictionary for a riding if that party has had at least one vote recorded in that riding. === Representation Invariants == - For all strings s, s in self._ridings iff s in self._results - For all strings s, s in self._parties iff s in self._results[r] for some r - All recorded vote counts are greater than 0. That is, for every key (riding, results) in self._results, for every (party, votes) in results, votes > 0 === Sample Usage === >>> e = Election(date(2000, 2, 8)) >>> e.update_results('r1', 'ndp', 1234) >>> e.update_results('r1', 'lib', 1345) >>> e.update_results('r1', 'pc', 1456) >>> e.riding_winners('r1') ['pc'] >>> e.update_results('r2', 'pc', 1) >>> e.popular_vote() == {'ndp': 1234, 'lib': 1345, 'pc': 1457} True >>> e.results_for('r1', 'lib') 1345 >>> e.party_seats() == {'ndp': 0, 'lib': 0, 'pc': 2} True """ _d: date _ridings: List[str] _parties: List[str] _results: Dict[str, Dict[str, int]] def __init__(self, d: date) -> None: """Initialize a new election on date d and with no ridings, parties, or votes recorded so far. >>> e = Election(date(2000, 2, 8)) >>> e._d datetime.date(2000, 2, 8) """ self._d = d self._ridings = [] self._parties = [] self._results = {} def ridings_recorded(self) -> List[str]: """Return the ridings in which votes have been recorded in this election. >>> e = Election(date(2000, 2, 8)) >>> e.update_results('r1', 'ndp', 1) >>> e.ridings_recorded ['r1'] >>> e.update_results('r2', 'ndp', 1) >>> e.ridings_recorded ['r1', 'r2'] """ def update_results(self, riding: str, party: str, votes: int) -> None: """Update this election to reflect that in ,  received  additional votes.  may or may not already have some votes recorded in this election.  may or may not already have some votes recorded in this riding in this election. Precondition: votes >= 1 >>> e = Election(date(2000, 2, 8)) >>> e.update_results('r1', 'ndp', 1) >>> e.results_for('r1', 'ndp') 1 >>> e.update_results('r1', 'ndp', 1000) >>> e.results_for('r1', 'ndp') 1001 """ self._results += votes def read_results(self, input_stream: TextIO) -> None: """Update this election with the results in input_stream. Precondition: input_stream is an open csv file, in the format defined in the A0 handout. """ # TODO: implement this method! def results_for(self, riding: str, party: str) -> Optional[int]: """Return the number of votes received in  by  in this election. Return None if  does not have any votes recorded in this election, or if it does, but  does not have any votes recorded in this riding in this election. >>> e = Election(date(2000, 2, 8)) >>> e.update_results('r1', 'ndp', 1234) >>> e.update_results('r1', 'lib', 1345) >>> e.update_results('r1', 'pc', 1456) >>> e.update_results('r2', 'pc', 1) >>> e.results_for('r1', 'pc') 1456 >>> e.results_for('r2', 'pc') 1 """ # TODO: implement this method! def riding_winners(self, riding: str) -> List[str]: """Return the winners, in , of this election. The winner is the party or parties that received the most votes in total. (There may have been a tie.) The return value is a list so that, in the case of ties, we can return a list of election_winners. If there is no tie, the length of the returned list is 1. Precondition:  has at least 1 vote recorded in this election. >>> e = Election(date(2000, 2, 8)) >>> e.update_results('r1', 'ndp', 1) >>> e.update_results('r1', 'lib', 2) >>> e.update_results('r1', 'pc', 3) >>> e.riding_winners('r1') ['pc'] """ # TODO: implement this method! def popular_vote(self) -> Dict[str, int]: """For each party, return the total number of votes it earned, across all ridings, in this election. Include only parties that have at least one vote recorded in at least one riding. >>> e = Election(date(2000, 2, 8)) >>> e.update_results('r1', 'ndp', 1) >>> e.update_results('r1', 'lib', 2) >>> e.update_results('r1', 'pc', 3) >>> e.update_results('r2', 'pc', 4) >>> e.update_results('r2', 'lib', 5) >>> e.update_results('r2', 'green', 6) >>> e.update_results('r2', 'ndp', 7) >>> e.popular_vote() == {'ndp': 8, 'lib': 7, 'pc': 7, 'green': 6} True """ # TODO: implement this method! def party_seats(self) -> Dict[str, int]: """For each party, return the number of ridings that it won in this election. Include only parties that have at least one vote recorded in at least one riding. If there was a tie in a riding, the riding doesn't contribute to the seat count for any of the parties that were tied in that riding. >>> e = Election(date(2000, 2, 8)) >>> e.update_results('r1', 'ndp', 1) >>> e.update_results('r1', 'lib', 2) >>> e.update_results('r1', 'pc', 3) >>> e.update_results('r2', 'pc', 4) >>> e.update_results('r2', 'lib', 5) >>> e.update_results('r2', 'green', 6) >>> e.update_results('r2', 'ndp', 7) >>> e.party_seats() == {'pc': 1, 'ndp': 1, 'lib': 0, 'green': 0} True """ # TODO: implement this method! def election_winners(self) -> List[str]: """Return the party (or parties, in the case of a tie) that won the most seats in this election. If no votes have been recorded in any riding in this election, return the empty list. >>> e = Election(date(2000, 2, 8)) >>> e.update_results('r1', 'ndp', 1) >>> e.update_results('r1', 'lib', 2) >>> e.update_results('r1', 'pc', 3) >>> e.update_results('r2', 'lib', 5) >>> e.update_results('r2', 'green', 6) >>> e.update_results('r2', 'ndp', 7) >>> e.update_results('r2', 'pc', 8) >>> e.election_winners() ['pc'] """ # TODO: implement this method! class Jurisdiction: """The election history for a jurisdiction that is a parliamentary democracy. === Private Attributes === _name: the name of this jurisdiction. _elections: the election history for this jurisdiction. Each key is a date, and its value holds the results of an election that was held on that date. === Representation Invariants == None. === Sample Usage === # See the method docstrings for sample usage. """ _name: str _elections: Dict[date, Election] def __init__(self, name: str) -> None: """Initialize this jurisdiction, with no elections so far. >>> country = Jurisdiction('Canada') >>> country._name 'Canada' >>> country._elections {} """ # TODO: implement this method! def read_results(self, year: int, month: int, day: int, input_stream: TextIO) -> None: """Read and record results for an election in this jurisdiction. If there are already some results stored for an election on this date, add to them. Precondition: input_stream is an open csv file, in the format defined in the A0 handout. """ # TODO: implement this method! def party_wins(self, party: str) -> List[date]: """Return a list of all dates on which  won an election in this jurisdiction. If the party tied for most seats in an election, do include that date in the result. >>> e1 = Election(date(2000, 2, 8)) >>> e1.update_results('r1', 'ndp', 1) >>> e1.update_results('r1', 'lib', 2) >>> e1.update_results('r1', 'pc', 3) >>> e1.update_results('r2', 'lib', 10) >>> e1.update_results('r2', 'pc', 20) >>> e1.update_results('r3', 'ndp', 200) >>> e1.update_results('r3', 'pc', 100) >>> e2 = Election(date(2004, 5, 16)) >>> e2.update_results('r1', 'ndp', 10) >>> e2.update_results('r1', 'lib', 20) >>> e2.update_results('r2', 'lib', 50) >>> e2.update_results('r2', 'pc', 5) >>> e3 = Election(date(2008, 6, 1)) >>> e3.update_results('r1', 'ndp', 101) >>> e3.update_results('r1', 'lib', 102) >>> e3.update_results('r2', 'ndp', 1001) >>> e3.update_results('r2', 'lib', 1002) >>> j = Jurisdiction('Canada') >>> j._elections[date(2000, 2, 8)] = e1 >>> j._elections[date(2003, 5, 16)] = e2 >>> j._elections[date(2003, 6, 1)] = e3 >>> j.party_wins('lib') [datetime.date(2003, 5, 16), datetime.date(2003, 6, 1)] """ # TODO: implement this method! def party_history(self, party: str) -> Dict[date, float]: """Return this party's percentage of the popular vote in each election in this jurisdiction's history. Each key in the result is a date on which there was an election in this jurisdiction. Its value is the percentage of the popular vote earned by party in that election. >>> j = Jurisdiction('Canada') >>> e1 = Election(date(2000, 2, 8)) >>> e1.update_results('r1', 'ndp', 1) >>> e1.update_results('r1', 'lib', 2) >>> e1.update_results('r1', 'pc', 3) >>> e1.update_results('r2', 'pc', 4) >>> e1.update_results('r2', 'lib', 5) >>> e1.update_results('r2', 'green', 6) >>> e1.update_results('r2', 'ndp', 7) >>> e1.popular_vote() == {'ndp': 8, 'lib': 7, 'pc': 7, 'green': 6} True >>> j._elections[date(2000, 2, 8)] = e1 >>> e2 = Election(date(2004, 5, 16)) >>> e2.update_results('r1', 'ndp', 40) >>> e2.update_results('r1', 'lib', 5) >>> e2.update_results('r2', 'lib', 10) >>> e2.update_results('r2', 'pc', 20) >>> e2.popular_vote() == {'ndp': 40, 'lib': 15, 'pc': 20} True >>> j._elections[date(2004, 5, 16)] = e2 >>> j.party_history('lib') == {date(2000, 2, 8): 0.25, \ date(2004, 5, 16): 0.2} True """ # TODO: implement this method! def riding_changes(self) -> List[Tuple[Set[str], Set[str]]]: """Return the changes in ridings across elections in this jurisdiction. Include a tuple for each adjacent pair of elections, in order by date. The tuple should contain, first, a set of ridings that were removed between these two elections, and then a set of ridings that were added. Precondition: There is at least one election recorded for this jurisdiction. >>> j = Jurisdiction('Canada') >>> e1 = Election(date(2000, 2, 8)) >>> e1.update_results('r1', 'ndp', 1) >>> e1.update_results('r1', 'lib', 1) >>> e1.update_results('r1', 'pc', 1) >>> e1.update_results('r2', 'pc', 1) >>> e1.update_results('r2', 'lib', 1) >>> e1.update_results('r2', 'green', 1) >>> e1.update_results('r2', 'ndp', 1) >>> j._elections[date(2000, 2, 8)] = e1 >>> e2 = Election(date(2004, 5, 16)) >>> e2.update_results('r1', 'ndp', 1) >>> e2.update_results('r3', 'pc', 1) >>> j._elections[date(2004, 5, 16)] = e2 >>> j.riding_changes() == [({'r2'}, {'r3'})] True """ # TODO: implement this method! if __name__ == '__main__': import python_ta python_ta.check_all(config={ 'allowed-io': ['Election.read_results', 'Jurisdiction.read_results'], 'allowed-import-modules': [ 'doctest', 'python_ta', 'datetime', 'typing' ], 'max-attributes': 15 }) import doctest doctest.testmod() # An example of reading election results from a file. c = Jurisdiction('Canada') with open('data/parkdale-highpark.csv') as file: c.read_results(2015, 2, 3, file) with open('data/nunavut.csv') as file: c.read_results(2015, 2, 3, file) with open('data/labrador.csv') as file: c.read_results(2015, 2, 3, file) # An example of using that data to calculate some things. print(c.party_history('Liberal')) print(c.party_history('Conservative')) print(c.party_history('Green Party')) print(c.party_history('NDP-New Democratic Party'))