Classify each of the following types of employer behavior as either a) taste-based discrimination, b) statistical discrimination, or c) not employment discrimination. Explain your answer fully.

1. An employer pays its female employees less than its male employees because the employer believes that most female employers have a high childcare and housework burden at home, and therefore are more tired and less productive at work.
2. The main requirement for a moving company position is the ability to lift heavy boxes for several hours. Any individual with a given strength level is equally likely to get hired, but fewer women are hired overall fewer women have the required physical strength.
3. A bar does not hire male bartenders because guests prefer to be attended on by female bartenders.
4. A firm has never hired a women before for a certain position. As such, they have no way of
5. predicting how productive women will be in that position. The firm therefore prefers to continue to hire men to avoid uncertainty.

Part B

1. Can you think of a real-world example where overcrowding may play a role in explaining the gender wage gap? Explain your reasoning.
2. Do you think enforcement of Title XII of the Civil Rights Act is likely to have an effect on the extent of labor market discrimination against women? What about on the total gender pay gap? Explain your answer fully.