Clifford begins the paper with a story about a shipowner. Why does Clifford think that what the shipowner did was wrong?

He didn't sincerely believe that his ship was safe.

He was unwilling to sail on the ship himself.

He didn't have a right to believe that his ship was safe, given the evidence that was available to him.

He didn't fully disclose all relevant information about his ship to the passengers sailing in it$.$