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Colonial Cookies, Inc., bakes cookies for retail stores. The Companys best-selling cookie is chocolate nut supreme which is marketed as a gourmet cookie and regularly

Colonial Cookies, Inc., bakes cookies for retail stores. The Companys best-selling cookie is chocolate nut supreme which is marketed as a gourmet cookie and regularly sells for 8.00 per pound. The standard cost per pound of chocolate nut supreme, based on Colonials normal monthly production of 200,000 pounds, is as follows.

Cost item

Quantity

Standard unit Cost

Total Cost

Direct Material:

Cookie mix

10 oz

$.02 per oz

$.20

Milk Chocolate

5 oz

.15 per oz

.75

Almonds

1 oz.

.50 per oz

.50

1.45

Direct labor:

Mixing

1 min

14.40 per hr

$ .24

Baking

2 min

18.00 per hr

.60

.84

Variable overhead+

3 min

32.40 per direct-labor hr

1.62

Total standard cost per pound

$3.91

*Direct labor rates include employees benefits.

+ applied on the basis of direct-labor hours

Colonials management accountant, Karen Blair, prepares monthly budget reports based on these standard costs. Februarys contribution report, which compares budgeted and actual performance, is shown in the following schedule.

Contribution report for February

Static Budget

Actual

Variance

Units (in Pounds)

200,000

225,000

25,000 Favorable

Revenue

$1,600,000

$1,777,500

$177,500 F

Direct Material

$290,000

$432,500

$142,500 Unfavorable

Direct Labor

168,000

174,000

6,000 U

Variable overhead

324,000

375,000

51,000 U

Total variable costs

$782,000

$981,500

$199,500 U

Contribution Margin

$818,000

$796,000

$22,000 U

Justine Madison, president of the company, is disappointed with the results. Despite a sizable increase in the number of cookies sold, the products expected contribution to the overall profitability of the firm decreased. Madison has asked Blair to identify the reason why the contribution margin decreased. Blair gather the following information to help in her analysis of the decrease.

Usage Report For February

Cost Item

Quantity

Actual Cost

Direct materials:

Cookie mix

2,325,000 oz.

$46,500

Milk Chocolate

1,330,000 oz.

266,000

Almonds

240,000 oz

120,000

Direct Labor:

Mixing

225,000 min

54,000

Baking

400,000 min

120,000

Variable overhead

375,000

Total variable costs

$981,500

Required:

  1. Prepare a new contribution report for February, in which:
  • The static budget column in the contribution report is replaced with a flexible budget column.
  • The variance in the contribution report are recomputed as the difference between the flexible budget and actual columns.
  1. What is the total contribution margin in the flexible budget column of the new report prepared for requirement (1)?
  2. Explain (interpret) the meaning of the total contribution margin in the flexible budget column of the new report prepared for requirement (10.
  3. What is the total variance between the flexible budget contribution margin and the actual contribution margin in the new report prepared for requirement (1)? Explain this total contribution margin variance by computing the following variances. (Assume that all materials are used in the month of purchases.)
    1. Direct- material price variance
    2. Direct- material quantity variance.
    3. Direct-labor rate variance.
    4. Direct-labor efficiency variance.
    5. Variable- overhead spending variance
    6. Variable-overhead efficiency variance
    7. Sales-price variance.
  4. A. Explain the problems that might arise in using direct-labor hours as the basis for applying overhead.B. How might activity-based costing (ABC) solve the problems described in requirement (5a)?

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