Comment on the articles discussed by two of your classmates and address the following:

• Discuss which validity threats are most common.
• Discuss which validity threats you believe to be the most difficult to deal with.

Peer one below.

The peer-reviewed article I have selected to use in my final assignment is: "The effect of peer interaction on sport confidence and achievement goal orientation in youth sport"

A threat to this article would be that it is centered around youth sports and peer interaction that influences confidence in that sport. So, if a player has no peer interaction or bad experiences with peers on their team, their confidence within that sport is going to be very, very low.

Not all confidence in oneself or playing a sport is centered around their teammates but a big portion of feeling good is hearing positive reinforcement from your peers and coaches. If you are only hearing the negative you are doing, you are more like to quit the sport or stop giving it your all. You would start to view yourself as a burden instead of an essential part of the team.

A good way to help confidence of a team in general is to have team bonding events, it does not have to be a big expense or big event. Just something enough that the team can be together outside of games or practice and enjoy one another. They can build friendships and understand each other's personalities better. If you have a strong team that communicates well, understands one another and uplifts each other, you are going to have a better turn out in games and wins. Even if that team loses a game they will still see it as a learning opportunity because they know very player counts on one another.

If you have a team that is not in sync, not communicating, does not have some kind of foundation in place, it is going to fail. There is going to be tension, hostility on the team and players will not be open to feedback or putting effort into the game. This is where you see most players lose their potential because of small mistakes that could have been fixed.

Peer two below.

One peer-reviewed article that I plan to use for my final project is titled, "Work Productivity Loss Associated with Sleep Duration, Insomnia Severity, Sleepiness, and Snoring" written by several professors and scientists from universities across the United States. After reading through the methods the only threat to external validity is that they used data and participants from a previous study called SHADES or Sleep and Healthy Activity, Diet, Environment, and Socialization. However, the article gives little background on who was involved in this study, but they mentioned that the population was around 1,000 adults between the ages of 22-60. This study has great internal validity because it uses the Wellbeing Assessment of Productivity to assess work productivity levels and uses NHANES to measure the duration of sleep on a weekly basis. They also had to "complete an" insomnia severity assessment along with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. They also collected data related to age, gender, job, and caffeine intake which is a factor I would also like to measure in my study. Overall, this study uses accurate assessments to test for the variables proving strong internal validity. However, the external validity could be improved by providing more information on where the sample population came from (what state/country/demographic). Additionally, this study would be helpful if done cross-culturally to see if culture plays a large difference in the amount of sleep needed to have the most work productivity and if it plays a role in caffeine intake as well.