Company A has a market value of R$6$ billion and an issued share capital of $60$ million shares. Company B$,$ a company in the same industry as Company A$,$ has an issued share capital of $20$ million shares and a market value R$1$ billion. Company A wishes to take over Company B and believes that the combined company value will be R$8$ billion. Company B has agreed to a takeover value of R$1,5$ billion.

Required:

Discuss the effects the takeover of company B will have on the existing shareholders of company A$,$ if company B is acquired by:

$($a$)$ An issue of new shres to existing shareholders:

$($b$)$ An issue of shares to new shareholders:

$($c$)$ Borrowing;