Company Ts current return on equity (ROE) is 16%. It pays out one-quarter of earnings as cash dividends (payout ratio = .25). Current book value per share is $35. The company has 5 million shares outstanding. Assume that ROE and payout ratio stay constant for the next four years. After that, competition forces ROE down to 10% and the company increases the payout ratio to 60%. The company does not plan to issue or retire shares. The cost of capital is 9.5%.

(a) What is stock T worth?

(b) How much of stock Ts value is attributable to growth opportunities (PVGO)?

c- What can lead a company to have a negative PVGO?