Complete the questions below using additional paper if needed. This is a closed-note, closed-book exam. All equations and required information will be provided to you. To receive credit, all work must be shown. Partial credit is given generously for any form of attempt, but blank answers and answers with no work get no points. You may use a dedicated graphing or scientific calculator, but no phones or computers are allowed. 1. In your own words, describe what physics is. Give three examples of what physicists might study. 2. Explain why having a standardized system of measurements is important. Give two examples of natural SI units. 3. Describe the difference between scalars and vectors. Give three examples of each. 4. List Newton's three laws of motion and give a brief description of each. 5. Explain the difference between mass and weight. State which is a scalar and which is a vector and how you know. 6. An object with an initial downward velocity of 4.0 m/s falls from a height of 8.0 m. a. Calculate the object's final velocity when it hits the ground (HINT: Choose an equation of motion that is time-independent). b. Calculate how much time the object spends in the air (HINT: Avoid quadratics by using the velocity from part a with one of the kinematic equations.). 7. A swan on a lake gets airborne by flapping its wings and running on top of the water. If the swan must reach a velocity of 6.00 m/s to take off and it accelerates from rest at a constant rate of 0.25 m/s?, calculate how far it will travel before becoming airborne. 8. A 20 kg box sits on a ramp of incline 20". a. Draw a free body diagram of the forces acting on the box. Include friction. b. Calculate the weight of the box. c. Calculate the normal force acting on the box. d. If the coefficient of friction between the box and ramp is 0.5, calculate the frictional force acting on the box. e. Calculate the force component parallel to the surface of the ramp pulling the box down the ramp (the force opposite of friction). f. Compare the values in parts d and e to determine if the box will slide down the ramp. 9. A soccer ball is kicked from the ground, giving it an initial velocity of 15 m/s at 40 above the horizontal. a. Calculate the x- and y-components of the initial velocity. b. Make two tables, one for x-components and one for y-components, including the following information: Xo, X4, Vo, V, a, t. c. Using the data from the table of y-components, calculate the amount of time the ball is airborne. d. Using the data from the table of x-components and the time found in part c, calculate the horizontal range of the ball. e. Explain what the parabolic shape of a projectile motion curve tells us about the x- and y-components of the final velocity of the ball when it hits the ground