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Vanity Inc. produces windsurfs. For May 2019, Vanity budgeted the production of 8,000 units. Its costing system has two direct costs: direct materials and direct manufacturing labour. Manufacturing overhead (both variable and fixed) is allocated to products on the basis of standard direct manufacturing labour-hours (DLH). At the beginning of 2019, Vanity adopted the following standards for its manufacturing costs: Per unit Direct materials 4 kg at $5 per kg $20 Direct manufacturing labour (DLH) 3.5 hours at $15 per hour $52.5 Manufacturing overhead Variable $7 per DLH Fixed ? per DLH Total manufacturing labour hours per month 28,000 hours Budgeted fixed manufacturing overhead costs $224,000 Budgeted variable manufacturing overhead costs $196,000 Total manufacturing overhead costs $420,000 The records for May indicated the following: Direct materials purchased 40,300 kg at $4.6 per kg Direct materials used 35,300 kg Direct manufacturing labour 30,000 hours at $16 per hour Actual fixed manufacturing overhead $246,000 Actual variable manufacturing overhead $200,000 Actual production 7,600 units REQUIRED: 1. For the month of May 2019, compute the following variances, indicating whether each is favourable (F) or unfavourable (U): a) Direct materials price variance, based on purchases (2 marks) b) Direct materials efficiency variance (2 marks) c) Direct manufacturing labour price variance (2 marks) d) Direct manufacturing labour efficiency variance (2 marks) e) Variable manufacturing overhead cost spending variance (2 marks) () Variable manufacturing overhead efficiency variance (2 marks) g) Fixed overhead costs production-volume variance (2 marks) h) Fixed overhead costs spending variance (2 marks) 2. Identify a potential cause and briefly discuss a practical recommendation for variable overhead spending and efficiency variances