Compute the 2019 standard deduction for the following taxpayers.

a. Ellie is 15 and claimed as a dependent by her parents. She reports $1,700 in dividends income and $1,880 in wages from a part-time job. $

b. Ruby and Woody are married and file a joint tax return. Ruby is age 66, and Woody is 69. Their taxable retirement income is $12,170. $

c. Shonda is age 68 and single. She is claimed by her daughter as a dependent. Her earned income is $150, and her interest income is $425. $

d. Frazier, age 58, is married but is filing a separate return. His wife Emma itemizes her deductions.