Consider a 0.25-kg piece of ice starting at -23C. Hint a. How much heat transfer is necessary to raise the temperature of the ice to 142C, including the energy needed for phase changes? Total heat transfer of KJ is necessary. b. How much time is required for each stage, assuming a constant 23 kJ/s rate of heat transfer? a. To heat up the ice to the melting point, necessary. seconds of time is b. To melt all the ice into water at the melting point, is necessary. c. To heat up the water to the boiling point, necessary. d. To boil all the water into steam at the boiling point, time is necessary. e. To heat up the steam to the final temperature, necessary. seconds of time seconds of time is seconds of seconds of time is