Consider a source and a destination connected by N links (i.e., N-1 packet switches). Each link has capacity R bps, and propagation delay d seconds. Ignore processing and queueing delays.

1.Give a formula for the end-to-end delay of sending one packet of length L bits.

2.Generalize the formula for sending P packets of L bits each.

3.Now suppose the links (in the order from source to destination) have capacities R₁ < R₂ < < R_N, and propagation delays d₁, d₂, , d_N (with arbitrary values). Give formula for the end-to-end delay of sending P packets of L bits each.

4.Repeat c), but assume that R₁ > R₂ > > R_N (still arbitrary values for d₁, d₂, , d_N).