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Consider the 7 - stage pipelined processor with two execution units and pipelined caches, as shown below. Instruction fetch is a two - stage process
Consider the stage pipelined processor with two execution units and pipelined caches, as shown below. Instruction fetch is a twostage process followed by decode where registers are also read in the second half of the cycle. Additionally, the pipeline consists of a separate execution unit for floating point FP operations. First unit is for all Integer ArithmeticBranch operations excluding multiplication consisting of one stage. Second unit is for floating point FP AddSub and interger and FP Multiplication operations, comprising three stages. The data cache is pipelined and takes two stages for readwrite operations including integer and FP loads and stores The final stage performs registers writes in the first half of the cycle, if any. Integer AddSub LdSt & Branch Instruction Fetch Decode EX M M Help RW EX EX EX FP AddSubMultiply a Determine how many stall cycles should be inserted between a load instruction and the different classes of instructions that use the load's result during the execution stage. b Branch target address is calculated in D stage and the condition is evaluated in EX determine how many stall cycles should be inserted between the following instructions considering all types of forwarding are possible. ADD R R R BNE R R addri c If the branch condition is evaluated in the decode stage, stall cycles are required for branches depending on earlier arithmetic or load instructions. Design a hazard detection unit by writing the necessary evaluating conditions for inserting stall cycles in the decode stage for the above pipeline. d In addition to stall cycles as in part d extra forwarding paths may be required to correctly pass the required data to the comparators for the branch's condition evaluation. Design a forwarding unit by writing the necessary conditions for passing the correct values to the comparator. Also show the necessary changes to the datapath.
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