Consider the figure below. Assuming TCP Reno is the protocol experiencing the

behavior shown above, answer the following questions. In all cases, you should provide a short

discussion justifying your answer.

$4.$a Identify the intervals of time when TCP slow start is operating.

$4.$b Identify the intervals of time when TCP congestion avoidance is operating.

$4.$c After the $16$th transmission round, is segment loss detected by a triple duplicate ACK or by a

timeout?

$4.$d After the $22$nd transmission round, is segment loss detected by a triple duplicate ACK or by a

timeout?

$4.$e What is the initial value of ssthresh at the first transmission round?

$4.$f What is the value of ssthresh at the $18$th transmission round?

$4.$g What is the value of ssthresh at the $24$th transmission round?

$4.$h During what transmission round is the $70$th segment sent?

$4.$i Assuming a packet loss is detected after the $26$th round by the receipt of a triple duplicate

ACK, what will be the values of the congestion window size and of ssthresh?

$4.$j Suppose TCP Tahoe is used $($instead of TCP Reno$),$ and assume that triple duplicate ACKs are

received at the $16$th round. What are the ssthresh and the congestion window size at the $19$th

round?

$4.$k Again suppose TCP Tahoe is used, and there is a timeout event at $16$ nd round. How many

packets have been sent out from $17$ th round till $22$nd round, inclusive?