Consider the following memory addresses: 3, 180, 43, 2, 191, 88, 190, 14, 181, 44, 186, 253

a. Assume the CPU has a cache consisting of 16 blocks, each one storing 1 word. Assuming the cache is initially empty, identify the index given to each address by a direct-mapped caching approach, and state whether each access is a cache hit or a miss.