Consider the following program, written in a C-like language.

int x; void f(int a) {a = a+2; x = x+1;} void main() { x = 1; f(x); printf("x=%d ",x); }

What value of x will be printed by the main program under each of the following conditions? Imagine that formal parameter a of function f is being passed:

i. by value

ii. by value-result

iii. by reference