Consider the following reaction:

N₂H₄(l) + O₂(g) N₂(g) + 2 H₂O(g) H_rxn = -521 kJ

The system is originally at equilibrium. Categorize the responses to the statements concerning the perturbation of the system.

The equilibrium shifts to the left:

The equilibrium shifts to the right:

The equilibrium does not change:

Cannot be determined without more information:

a. The temperature is increased

b. The volume of the reaction vessel is decreased

c. N2(g) is added

d. O2(g) is added