Consider the following summings-up to a jury. On the basis that a conviction resulted, advise whether there are grounds for appeal:

a) Mr Arthur claims that Ms Blair consented to the act of sexual intercourse. Yet you must ask yourselves, has the defendant proved this on the balance of probabilities? You have only his word to go on. Yet how reliable is his word? He told the police in his first interview that he was not with Ms Blair on the evening in question but then later admitted that he was and said he had been confused about the dates. I leave it to you, the jury, to decide if that is an excuse you can believe, bearing in mind Mr Arthur's previous convictions for fraud and other crimes involving dishonesty.