Consider this program:

{

int x = 1;

int p (int z) {

x = x * 3;

z++;

return (z + x);

}

write (p (x) + p (x) * 5);

}

What does the program print when addition is evaluated (i) left-to-right, (ii) right-to-left, when the parameter z is (a) call-by-value, (b) call-by-reference? Please answer for all 4 combinations of these features. Explain your answers by describing how the program is executed.