Constitutional Law-

Question 1 - The law of stop and frisk deals with that time frame during which officers follow up on their suspicions but before the time that the requisite______________ is established to justify an arrest.

	probable cause
	reasonable suspicion
	proof beyond a reasonable doubt
	preponderance of the evidence

Question 2 - An unlawful search and seizure can include all of the following consequences, except:

	departmental sanctions.
	criminal liability
	evidence would be admissible in court.
	civil liability.

Question 3 - One way courts have determined reasonablenessis the bright line approach, which:

	considers the totality of circumstances in each individual case.
	assigns points to each indicia of reasonableness.
	compares a case to other similar cases.
	considers a specific rule that applies to all cases.

Question 4 - The most commonly used method to determine reasonableness is the case-by-case method, which:

	considers the totality of circumstances in each individual case.
	assigns points to each indicia of reasonableness.
	compares a case to other similar cases.
	considers a specific rule that applies to all cases.

Question 5 - "Probable cause to search" means:

	having more evidence against a set of probabilities.
	officers reasonably believe that evidence, contraband or other items sought are where they believe them to be
	that a reasonable person would believe the items may or may not be at a particular location.
	the officers have reasonable suspicion to think the items are where they wish to search.

Question 6 - T The principle that looks at all available information to assess whether the sum total would lead to a reasonable person to believe what the officers concluded is the:

	bright line approach
	totality of the circumstances
	individual circumstances
	overall assessment

Question 7 - The section of the Fourth Amendment makes warrantless searches and seizures valid and constitutional when they are sensible is the:

	warrant clause
	probable cause clause
	reasonableness clause
	privacy clause

Question 8 - The Supreme Court stated the exclusionary rule operates as a judicially created remedy designed to safeguard Fourth Amendment rights generally through its deterrent effect, rather than a constitutional right of the person aggrieved in:

	Mapp v. Ohio
	Weeks v. U.S.
	United States v. Leon
	Wolf v. Colorado

Question 9 - All warrants are to be based on:

	a preponderance of the evidence.
	reasonable suspicion.
	proof beyond a reasonable doubt
	probable cause.

Question 10 - The Fourth Amendment regulates the actions of the all of the following, except the:

	Internal Revenue Service
	Secret Service
	United Parcel Service
	Food and Drug Administration

Question 11 - The Supreme Court made the exclusionary rule applicable to the states, holding that "all evidence obtained by searches and seizures in violation of the Constitution are by the same authority inadmissible in state court in:

	Mapp v. Ohio
	Weeks v. U.S.
	United States v. Leon
	Wolf v. Colorado

Question 12 - What level of proof is required for a Terry stop?

	reasonable suspicion
	probable cause.
	preponderance of the evidence
	no proof is required.

Question 13 - In Rochin v. California, the Supreme Court held that search that ____________ are a violation of due process andany evidence so obtained will, therefore, be inadmissible.

	offend liberty
	violate privacy
	show a heedless disregard for civil rights
	shock the conscience

Question 14 - When executing a search or arrest warrant, the common law rule is that for an entry into the home to be constitutional, the police must first:

	evacuate the immediate area.
	knock and identify themselves and their purpose.
	read the occupants their Miranda warnings.
	obtain consent to enter.

Question 15 - All of the following are true of the exclusionary rule, except:

	s used to discourage the police from violating a person's constitutional rights.
	s judge-made law.
	excludes illegally obtained evidence from trial.
	it provides for criminal sanctions against the officer.

Question 16 - Which of the following is insufficient to support probable cause?

	physical evidence
	admissions
	association with known criminals
	failure to protest arrest

Question 17 - In United States v. Banks, the Court held that officers must wait a reasonable amount of time after knocking and before forcible entry and that in this case, a ___________ wait was satisfied by the Fourth Amendment.

	1 to 2 minute
	30 seconds to 1 minute
	15 to 20 second
	5 to 10 second

Question 18 - "Where the facts and circumstances within the officers' knowledge and of which they had reasonably trustworthy information is sufficient to warrant a person of reasonable caution in the belief that an offense has been or is being committed," is the Supreme Court's definition of:

	reasonable suspicion
	probable cause
	a preponderance of the evidence
	beyond a reasonable doubt

Question 19 - The exclusionary rule:

	is a constitutional right under the Fourth Amendment
	is a Congressionally created remedy
	was promulgated by the Senate.
	safeguards rights through its deterrent effect.

Question 20 - The ________ doctrine states that evidence obtained as a result of an earlier illegality must be excludedfrom trial:

	prior taint
	attenuation of the taint
	fruit of the tainted seizure
	fruit of the poisonous tree

Question 21 - The exception to the exclusionary rule that deems evidence admissible even if seized in violation of the Fourth Amendment when it can be shown that the evidence would have been discovered through lawful means is:

	harmless error doctrine
	good faith exception
	inevitable discovery doctrine
	valid, independent source doctrine

Question 22 - The totality of the circumstances test made establishment of probable cause by use of______ easier for police.

	warrantless investigative stops
	informants
	victim reports
	articulable reasonable suspicion

Question 23 - Which of the following would not prove exigent circumstances to justify entry by police without first announcing their presence and purpose?

	A crime is in progress.
	Illegal gambling is occurring at night.
	Evidence would be destroyed
	Making the officer's presence known would endanger them.

Question 24 - Federal lawsuits against police are filed under Title 42 of U.S. Code, Section 1983Civil Action for Deprivation of .

	Equal Protection
	Due Process
	Civil Rights
	Human Rights

Question 25 - Deterring government misconduct is the primary purpose of the:

	good faith exception
	exclusionary rule
	Supreme Court
	citizen review board