Contribution Margin and Contribution Margin Ratio

For a recent year, McDugal's company-owned restaurants had the following sales and expenses (in millions):

Sales		$33,500
Food and packaging	$8,490
Payroll	8,900
Occupancy (rent, depreciation, etc.)	11,010
General, selling, and admin. expenses	5,100
Other expense	670
Total expenses		(34,170)
Operating income (loss)		$(670)

Assume that the variable costs consist of food and packaging, payroll, and 40% of the general, selling, and administrative expenses.

a. What is McDonald's contribution margin? Enter your answer in million, rounded to one decimal place. $fill in the blank 1 million

b. What is McDonald's contribution margin ratio? Round your percentage answer to one decimal place. fill in the blank 2 %

c. How much would operating income increase if same-store sales increased by $2,000 million for the coming year, with no change in the contribution margin ratio or fixed costs? $fill in the blank 3 million

d. What would have been the operating income or loss for the recent year if sales had been $2,000 million more? $fill in the blank 4 million

e. To achieve break even for the recent year, by how much would sales need to increase? Enter your anwer in million rounded to the nearest whole number. $fill in the blank 5 million