Cooperative advertising programs are O arrangements whereby manufacturers agree to reimburse retailers or other channel members for a portion of their advertising costs for featuring the manufacturer's brand in an ad O financial incentives that involve the retailer performing some type of function in order to receive the allowance o formal agreements between retailers and manufacturers to undertake cooperative marketing efforts O promotional campaigns that retailers plan for their customers through manufacturer trade incentives The primary method used to distribute coupons is by free standing inserts (FSI) direct mail magazines on or near products Frequency programs have all of the following characteristics except rewards are in the form of additional goods, services, discounts, or cash to earn rewards, participants must accumulate a certain number of points or make a certain level of purchases over time O multiple purchases are required to obtain the rewards the redemption process is tailored to meet the various needs of the participants Coupons that cannot be used immediately but must be used on the next trip to the store are called coupons instant redemption scanner-delivered response-offer bounce-back Scanner delivered coupons are triggered by an item that is scanned during checkout and are used to encourage Obrand switching because the coupon offered is usually for a competing brand O repeat purchase behavior by issuing a coupon for a future purchase O brand loyalty by issuing a coupon for a product just being purchased firm loyalty by issuing a coupon that can be used for other products sold by the same company