Crane Company from time to time embarks on a research program when a special project seems to offer possibilities. In 2019, the company expends $326,000on a research project, but by the end of 2019 it is impossible to determine whether any benefit will be derived from it.

The project is completed in 2020, and a successful patent is obtained. The R&D costs to complete the project are $116,000. The administrative and legal expenses incurred in obtaining patent number 472-1001-84 in 2020 total $17,750. The patent has an expected useful life of 5 years. Record these costs in journal entry form. Also, record patent amortization (full year) in 2020.

Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit

(a)

(b)

(To record research and development costs)

(a)

(b)

(To record research and development costs)

(a)

(b)

(To record one year's amortization expense)

In 2021, the company successfully defends the patent in extended litigation at a cost of $49,600, thereby extending the patent life to December 31, 2028. What is the proper way to account for this cost? Also, record patent amortization (full year) in 2021.

Account Titles and Explanation Debit Credit

(a)

(b)

(To record legal cost of successfully defending patent)

(a)

(b)

(To record one year's amortization)