Critical Analysis of the Law

1. What are the requirements of the following laws and how do they apply in hiring. How does each law apply? What does a manager need to do or not do to comply with each?
   • Title VII protections for race, color, national origin, sex, religion
   • Pregnancy Discrimination Act
   • Federal labor laws enforced by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) including National Labor Relations Act (NLRA)
   • Union contracts in right to work vs non-right to work states and impact on hiring
2. Evaluate the following tools for compliance in hiring and indicate how each would help limit risk.What are the pros and cons of each. Which of the hiring tools do you favor? Why?
   • Hiring checklist
   • Hiring policies and procedures
   • Credentialing policies
   • Employment arbitration clause in an employment contract
   • 3. Which laws apply to employee health information and technology use? What actions should a health care manager take to ensure appropriate employee technology access and training during the onboarding process?

Additional Resources

Hiring

• Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) Hiring: Hiring Practices Checklist (Mar. 21, 2018)https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/tools-and-samples/hr-forms/pages/hiringpracticeschecklist.aspx
• Healthcare Facility Onboarding Checklisthttps://files.asprtracie.hhs.gov/documents/healthcare-facility-onboarding-checklist-fillable-final.pdf
• Onboarding Checklist for Physicians and Nurses (May 21, 2020)https://verisys.com/onboarding-checklist-for-physicians-and-nurses/
• Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) Hiring Policy and Procedurehttps://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/tools-and-samples/policies/pages/cms_001677.aspx
• Legal Rights During the Hiring Processhttps://employment.findlaw.com/hiring-process/legal-rights-during-the-hiring-process.html#:~:text=Job%20applicants%20have%20legal%20rights,age%2C%20disability%2C%20or%20religion.
• Prohibited Employment Policies/Practiceshttps://www.eeoc.gov/prohibited-employment-policiespractices
• 5 Steps that can improve your facility's EHR onboarding process (Sept 19, 2018) https://comphealth.com/resources/how-to-improve-ehr-onboarding-process/

Discrimination Laws

• Race/Color Discriminationhttps://www.eeoc.gov/racecolor-discrimination
• Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)https://www.eeoc.gov/age-discrimination
• Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)https://www.eeoc.gov/disability-discrimination
• Equal Pay Acthttps://www.eeoc.gov/equal-paycompensation-discrimination
• National Origin Discriminationhttps://www.eeoc.gov/national-origin-discrimination
• Religion Discriminationhttps://www.eeoc.gov/religious-discrimination
• Sex Discriminationhttps://www.eeoc.gov/sex-based-discrimination
• NCSL: SexualHarassmenthttps://www.ncsl.org/research/labor-and-employment/sexual-harassment-in-the-workplace.aspx
• Sexual Harassmenthttps://www.eeoc.gov/sexual-harassment
• Pregnancy Discriminationhttps://www.eeoc.gov/pregnancy-discrimination
• Genetic Information Non-Discrimination Act (GINA)https://www.eeoc.gov/genetic-information-discrimination
• Bostock v. Clayton County Supreme Court Casehttps://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/19pdf/17-1618_hfci.pdf

Risk Management Tools

• Hughes, R Tools, and Strategies for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2682/
• Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) List of Confused Drug Nameshttps://www.ismp.org/recommendations/confused-drug-names-list
• Joint Commission Official "Do Not Use" Listhttps://www.jointcommission.org/-/media/tjc/documents/resources/patient-safety-topics/patient-safety/do_not_use_list_9_14_18.pdf
• Joint Commission 2021 National Patient Safety Goalshttps://www.jointcommission.org/standards/national-patient-safety-goals/
• Checklistshttps://psnet.ahrq.gov/primer/checklists

Employment and Labor Contracts

• Employment Contract Provisionshttps://www.findlaw.com/smallbusiness/employment-law-and-human-resources/employment-contract-provisions.html
• SHRM: Employment Contract Provisionshttps://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/tools-and-samples/hr-forms/pages/agreement_modelemploymentcontract.aspx
• Arbitration Clauses in Employee Contracts. The National Law Review. (Feb. 27, 2020)https://www.natlawreview.com/article/general-counsel-s-view-arbitration-clauses-employee-contracts
• Employee Arbitration Agreementshttps://www.findlaw.com/employment/hiring-process/employment-arbitration-agreements.html
• Arbitration Clauses in Contractshttps://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/arbitration-clauses-contracts-32644.html
• SHRM: What is a collective bargaining agreement?https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/tools-and-samples/hr-qa/pages/collectivebargainingagreement.aspx
• SHRM: Employment at will vs the discharge-for-just-cause-only standard:A Critical Employment Law Distinctionhttps://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/legal-and-compliance/employment-law/pages/employment-at-will.aspx
• MNA: The Concept of "Just Cause" in union contractshttps://www.massnurses.org/labor-action/labor-education-resources/grievances-101/just-cause
• Termination for Just Cause Sample Clauseshttps://www.lawinsider.com/clause/termination-for-just-cause

Credentialing

• Healthcare Provider Service Organization (HPSO) Staff Credentialing Checklist https://www.hpso.com/risk-education/individuals/articles/Staff-Credentialing-Checklist
• Credentialing Checklisthttps://www.molinahealthcare.com/providers/sc/medicaid/forms/~/media/Molina/PublicWebsite/PDF/providers/sc/medicaid/credentialing-checklist-final-RITM1235815.pdf
• Medical Staff Credentialing Policies https://medicalaffairs.ucsf.edu/sites/g/files/tkssra856/f/wysiwyg/UCSF%20Medical%20Staff%20Credentialing%20P_and_P.pdf
• Health Care Quality Improvement Act (HCQIA)https://www.npdb.hrsa.gov/resources/titleIv.jsp
• Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act (PSQIA)https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/patient-safety/statute-and-rule/index.html
• National Practitioner Data Bank (NPDB)https://www.npdb.hrsa.gov/index.jsp

National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) and union laws

• National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)https://www.nlrb.gov/
• Employer/Union Rights and Obligationshttps://www.nlrb.gov/about-nlrb/rights-we-protect/your-rights/employer-union-rights-and-obligations
• National Labor Relations Act (NRLA) https://www.nlrb.gov/guidance/key-reference-materials/national-labor-relations-act
• Right to Work Lawshttps://www.ncsl.org/research/labor-and-employment/right-to-work-laws-and-bills.aspx
• What are Right to Work Laws?https://www.findlaw.com/employment/wages-and-benefits/what-are-right-to-work-laws.html