cryptography quiz

It is known that instead of storing passwords in clear, all logon processes stores the hash value of the password in a file which can be used later to validate the user login attempt. Illustrate the Process of login using the case described earlier.

Mouza wants to send a message to Sara and she does not want anybody to read the message except Sara. What does Mouza need to do? Then how Sara can decrypt the message?

Suppose Dr. ahmed wants to send a secure email to hamad. Dr. ahmed encryption algorithm is RSA. If the following values are shared in public. p=11, q=3, e=3, and the message M=14, Show what is the message that is going to travel to Hamad and how hamad can read the actual message.