d) Explain how you would go about it, and how the recommended outcome may differ. (6 marks) QUESTION THREE: Despite the fact that 84 percent of project managers are responsible for staying within a project budget, only 15 percent of the time are they faced with direct ramifications for not doing so. In fact 16 percent of project managers don't always know the budget of their jobs, according to a survey of project managers conducted by Zwerg White & Associates of Natik, Massachusetts. a) What are the factors that cause deviations between planned and actual expenditures when implementing projects? *** (10 marks) b) unbalsing an illustration discuss any two tools that can be used by project managers.to facilitate budget control. (6 marks) c) Explain any three ways of monitoring projects during implementation. (9 marks) QUESTION TWO: A Constituency Development Fund committee has chosen a business development project to construct business premises for SMEs with the following estimated cashflows: Year Outflows (000's Kshs) 75,000 Inflows (000's Kshs) 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 20,000 25,000 30,000 50,000 The committee requires that its business development projects have a 20% rate of return on capital invested. This is all the information given. Required a) Evaluate the project's viability using Payback, NPV, and Profitability Index, and make appropriate recommendations. (12 marks) b) Do you think the projection (time horizon) to 2015 is adequate? If you don't agree, what period would you recommend and why? (4 marks) c) Should we use Social Cost Benefit Analysis instead? (3 marks) 1 QUESTION ONE: a) "Making a good Work Breakdown Structure is the single most important step in project implementation planning". Discuss. (10 marks) b) Explain the role and importance of the following in project implementation management, include a comment on practices in Kenya: i) Project Brief or Contract Agreement ii) Procurement management iii) Earned Value Analysis (15 marks)