d$.$ Non$-$repudiation

$9.$ A "salami attack" is like this: the crook shaves a little from many accounts and put these shavings together to form a valuable result, like the meat scraps joined together in a salami. Salami attack is violating:

a$.$ Confidentiality

b$.$ Integrity

c$.$ Availability

d$.$ Non$-$repudiation

$10.$ What is the definition of A$.$A$.$A$?$

$11.$ Please describe how Authentication is implemented?

$12.$ Which of the following ensures that a user has the permission or privilege to perform a certain action?

a$.$ Authentication

b$.$ Authorization

c$.$ Accountability

$13.$ Please give an example of Accountability.